Santa Clara University
Religious Studies Department, SCU
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Bible
  Classical Apocalypticism

  Primary Texts   General Surveys & Reference Works  
  Ancient Pagan Apocalypticism   Jewish & Christian Apocalypticism, 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E.  
  Jewish & Christian Apocalypticism, 100-600 C.E.        


 
Primary Texts
 
Charles, R. H., et al.  The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, 2 vols.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1913.
 
Charlesworth, James H., ed.  The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 2 vols.  New York: Doubleday, 1983.
 
Coogan, Michael D. et al., eds.  The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
 
García Martínez, Florentino.  The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English, trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson.  Leiden/New York: E. J. Brill, 1994; Spanish original.
 
Niederwimmer, Kurt.  The Didache: A Commentary, trans. Linda M. Maloney; ed. Harold W. Attridge; Hermeneia.  Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998.
 
Reddish, Mitchell G.,ed.  Apocalyptic Literature: A Reader.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1998; original, Nashville: Abingdon, 1990.
 
Schneemelcher, Wilhelm, ed.  New Testament Apocrypha, rev. ed., trans. R. McLean Wilson, 2 vols.  Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox, 1991; German original, Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1990).
 
 
General Surveys & Reference Works
 
Baumgartner, Frederic J.  Longing for the End: A History of Millennialism in Western Civilization.  New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.
 
Beuken, Wim A. M. et al., ed.  Messianism Through History.  London: SCM, 1993.
 
Bull, Malcolm, ed.  Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of the World.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.
 
Bloomquist, Gregory and Greg Carey, eds.  Rhetorical Dimensions of Apocalyptic Discourse.  St. Louis, Missouri: Chalice, 1999.
 
Boccaccini, Gabriele.  "Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition: The Contribution of Italian Scholarship."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (JSPSup 9; ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 33-50.
 
Cohn, Norman.  Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith.  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993.
 
Collins, John J.  The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature, 2d ed.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1998.
 
Collins, John J., ed.  The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity.  New York: Continuum, 1998. (all articles are separately referenced below)
 
Kyle, Richard G.  The Last Days are Here Again: A History of the End Times.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 1998.
 
McGinn, Bernard, ed.  The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 2, Apocalypticism in Western History and Culture.  New York: Continuum, 1998. (all articles referenced separately below)
 
Stein, Stephen J., ed.  The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 3, Apocalypticism in the Modern Period and the Contemporary Age.  New York: Continuum, 1998. (articles referenced separately below)
 
Hellholm, David.  Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Apocalypticism, Uppsala, August 12-17, 1979.  Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1983.
 
Rowland, Christopher.  "Apocalyptic, Mysticism, and the New Testament."   In Geschichte-Tradition-Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zum 70. Geburtstag, vol. 1, Judentum (ed. H. Cancik, H. Lichtenberger, and P. Schäfer; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1996) 405-430.
 
Russell, David Syme.  Apocalyptic Ancient and Modern.  Philadelphia: SCM, 1978.
 
Schmithals, Walter.  The Apocalyptic Movement: Introduction and Interpretation, trans. John E. Steely.  Nashville: Abingdon, 1975.
 
Scholem, Gershom Gerhard.  The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality.  New York: Schocken, 1971.
 
Seltzer, Robert M.  Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History.  New York: Macmillan, 1980.
 
Toorn, Karel van der, Pieter W. van der Horst and Bob Becking.  Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (DDD), rev. ed.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1995.
 
Wessinger, Catherine, ed.  Millennialism, Persecution, and Violence: Historical Cases, Religion and Politics.  Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
 
 
Ancient Pagan Apocalypticism
 
Borger, Rykle.  "Gott Marduk und Gott-König Šulgi als Propheten: Zwei propetische Texte."   Bibliotheca Orientalis 28 (1971) 3-24.
 
Boyce, Mary.  "On the Antiquity of Zoroastrian Apocalyptic."  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 47 (1984) 57-75.
 
Cancik, Hubert.  "Apocalypticism in the Greek and Roman World."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 84-125.
 
Cereti, Carlo G.  The Zand I Wahman Yasn: A Zoroastrian Apocalypse, Rome Oriental Series 75.  Rome: Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo oriente, 1995.
 
Clifford, Richard, S. J.  "The Roots of Apocalypticism in Near Eastern Myth."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 3-38.
 
Cohen, N.  Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith.  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1993.
 
Grayson, A. K.  "The Dynastic Prophecy."  In Babylonian Historical-Literary Texts (Toronto Semitic Texts and Studies 3; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975) 24-37.
 
Habicht, Christian.  "Messianic Elements in the Prechristian Greco-Roman World."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
 
Hinnells, John R.  "The Zoroastrian Doctrine of Salvation in the Roman World: A Study of the Oracle of Hystaspes."  In Man and His Salvation: Studies in Memory of S. G. F. Brandon (ed. E. J. Sharpe and J. R. Hinnels; Manchester/Totowa, New Jersey: Manchester University Press/Rowman and Littlefield, 1973) 125-48.
 
Hultgård, A.  "Bahman Yasht: A Persian Apocalypse."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies Since the Uppsala Colloquium (ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; JSPSup 9; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991) 114-34.
 
--------.  "Persian Apocalypticism."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 39-83.
 
Koenen, Ludwig.  "The Prophecies of a Potter: A Prophecy of World Renewal Becomes an Apocalypse."  In American Studies in Papyrology, vol. 7, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Papyrology (ed. Deborah H. Samuel; Toronto: A. M. Hakkert, 1970) 249-54.
 
Kvanvig, Helge S.  Roots of Apocalyptic: The Mesopotamian Background of the Enoch Figure and of the Son of Man, WMANT 61.  Keukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener, 1988.
 
Lieberman, Stephen J.  "A Mesopotamian Background for the So-called Aggadic 'Measures' of Biblical Hermeneutics: Especially Gematria and Notariqon."  Hebrew Union College Annual 58 (1987) 157-225.
 
Toorn, Karel van der.  "In the Lions' Den: The Babylonian Background of a Biblical Motif."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 60 (1998) 626-40.
 
 
Jewish & Christian Apocalypticism, 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E.
 

 
General Studies
 
Adler, William.  "Introduction."  In The Jewish Apocalyptic Heritage in Early Christianity (ed. James C. VanderKam and William Adler; Assen, Netherlands/Minneapolis: Van Gorcum/Fortress, 1996) 1-36.
 
Allison, Dale, Jr.  "The Eschatology of Jesus."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 267-302.
 
Aune, David Edward.  Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1983.
 
Bauckham, Richard.  "Early Jewish Visions of Hell."  Journal of Theological Studies 41 (1990) 355-85.
 
--------.  The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses, NovTSup 93.  Leiden: Brill, 1998.
 
Beardslee, William A.  "New Testament Apocalyptic in Recent Interpretation."   Interpretation 25 (1971) 419-35.
 
Bernstein, Alan E.  The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds.  Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1993.
 
Bilde, Per.  "Josephus and Jewish Apocalypticism."  In Understanding Josephus: Seven Perspectives (ed. Steve Mason; JSPSup 32; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998) 35-61.
 
Carroll, John T. et al., ed.  The Return of Jesus in Early Christianity.   Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 2000.
 
Collins, Adela Yarbro.  Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism, SupJSJ 50.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996.
 
Collins, John J.  "The Afterlife in Apocalyptic Literature."  In Judaism in Late Antiquity: Part 4: Death, Life-after-Death, Resurrection and the World-to-Come in the Judaisms of Antiquity (ed. Alan J. Avery-Peck and Jacob Neusner, eds.; Handbuch der Orientalistik, Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten 49.  Boston: Brill, 2000).
 
--------.  "The Expectation of the End, from the Hebrew Prophets to the End of the First Century."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 129-61.
 
--------.  Jerusalem and the Temple in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature of the Second Temple Period, International Rennert Guest Lecture 1.  Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1998.
 
--------.  Seers, Sibyls and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism, SupJSJ 54.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997.
 
--------.  "The Sense of an Ending in Pre-Christian Judaism."  In Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium (ed. Christopher Kleinhenz and Fannie J. LeMoine; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999) 25-43.
 
--------.  "Wisdom, Apocalypticism, and Generic Compatibility."  In In Search of Wisdom: Essays in Memory of John G. Gammie (ed. Leo G. Perdue, Bernard Brandon Scott and William Johnston Wiseman; Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1993) 165-85.
 
Collins, John J. and Michael Fishbane, eds.  Death, Ecstasy, and Other Worldly Journeys.  Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.
 
Flusser, David.  "Part II. Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic."  In Judaism and the Origins of Christianity (Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1988) 229-465.
 
Frankfurter, David.  "Early Christian Apocalypticism: Setting and Function."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 415-53.
 
--------.  "The Legacy of Jewish Apocalypses in Early Christianity: Regional Trajectories."  In The Jewish Apocalyptic Heritage in Early Christianity (ed. James C. VanderKam and William Adler; Assen, Netherlands/Minneapolis: Van Gorcum/Fortress, 1996) 129-200.
 
Grabbe, Lester L. and Gabriele Boccaccini with Jason M. Zurawski, eds.  The Seleucid and Hasmonean Periods and the Apocalyptic Worldview.  New York: Bloomsbury/T&T Clark, 2016.
 
Hanson, Paul D.  The Dawn of Apocalyptic.  Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975.
 
--------.  "Old Testament Apocalyptic Reexamined."  Interpretation 25 (1971) 454-79.
 
Hartman, Lars.  Prophecy Interpreted: The Formation of Some Jewish Apocalyptic Texts and of the Eschatological Discourse in Mark 13 particularly, trans. Neil Tomkinson.  Lund: CWK Gleerup Lund, 1966.
 
Herrera, Robert A., ed.  Mystics of the Book: Themes, Topics and Typologies.  New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
 
Himmelfarb, Martha.  Ascent to Heaven in Jewish and Christian Apocalypses.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
 
--------.  "Revelation and Rapture: The Transformation of the Visionary in the Ascent Apocalypses."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (JSPSup 9; ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 79-90.
 
--------.  Tours of Hell: An Apocalyptic Form in Jewish and Christian Literature.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983.
 
Holman, Charles L.  Till Jesus Comes: The Origins of Christian Apocalyptic Expectation.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996.
 
Horbury, William.  "Antichrist among Jews and Gentiles."  In Jews in a Graeco-Roman World (ed. Martin Goodman; Oxford/New York: Clarendon/Oxford University Press, 1998) 113-33, 264-6.
 
Kee, Howard Clark.  "Facing the Future: Common Themes in Jewish Apocalyptic and Stoic Philosophy."  In The Jewish Apocalyptic Heritage in Early Christianity (ed. James C. VanderKam and William Adler; Assen, Netherlands/Minneapolis: Van Gorcum/Fortress, 1996) 71-86.
 
Koch, Klaus.  The Rediscovery of Apocalyptic: A Polemical Work on a Neglected Area of Biblical Studies and Its Damaging Effects on Theology and Phiilosophy, SBT 2d series 22.  Naperville, Illinois: A. R. Allenson, 1972.
 
Laws, Sophie.  "Can Apocalyptic be Relevant?"  In What About the New Testament? Essays in Honour of Christopher Evans (ed. Morna Hooker and Colin Hickling; London: SCM, 1975) 89-102.
 
Lincoln, Bruce.  "Epilogue: Apocalyptic Politics in the Ancient World."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 457-75.
 
Mach, Michael.  "Apocalypticism and Mysticism."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 229-64.
 
Marcus, Joel and Marion L. Soards, ed.  Apocalyptic and the New Testament: Essays in Honor of J. Louis Martyn.  Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1989.
 
Musvosi, Joel N.  Vengeance in the Apocalypse, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 17.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1993.
 
Patterson, Stephen J.  "The End of Apocalypse: Rethinking the Eschatological Jesus."  Theology Today 52 (1995) 29-48.
 
Peerbolte, L. J. Lietaert.  The Antecedents of Antichrist: A Traditio-Historical Study of the Earliest Christian Views on Eschatological Opponents, SupJSJ.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996.
 
Robinson, Stephen E.  "Apocalypticism in the Time of Hillel and Jesus."  In Hillel and Jesus: Comparative Studies of Two Major Religious Leaders (ed. James H. Charlesworth and Loren L. Johns; Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997) 121-36.
 
Rowland, Christopher.  "Apocalyptic, Mysticism, and the New Testament."  In Geschichte—Tradition—Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zum 70. Geburtstag, vol. 1, Judentum (ed. Peter Schäfer; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1996) 405-430.
 
Russell, David Syme.  "Apocalyptic Imagery as Political Cartoon?"  In After the Exile: Essays in Honor of Rex Mason (ed. John Barton and David Reimer; Macon, Georgia/Amsterdam: Mercer University Press/Kok Pharos, 1996) 191-200.
 
--------.  Divine Disclosure: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic.   Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1992.
 
--------.  The Method and Message of Jewish Apocalyptic: 200 B.C.-A.D. 100.  Philadelphia: Westminster, 1964.
 
--------.  Prophecy and the Apocalyptic Dream: Protest and Promise.   Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson.
 
Sacchi, Paolo.  Jewish Apocalyptic and Its History, JSOTSup 20.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999?
 
Sanders, J. T.  "Identity, Apocalyptic, and Dialogue."   In The Echoes of Many Texts: Reflections on Jewish and Christian Traditions.  Essays in Honor of Lou H. Silberman (ed. William G. Dever and J. Edward Wright; BJS 313; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997) 159-70.
 
Sappington, Thomas J.  "The Factor of Function in Defining Jewish Apocalyptic Literature."  Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 12 (1994) 83-123.
 
Slater, Thomas B.  "One Like a Son of Man in First-Century CE Judaism."   New Testament Studies 41 (1995) 183-98.
 
Smith, Jonathan Z.  "Wisdom and Apocalyptic."  In Religious Syncretism in Antiquity (ed. Birger A. Pearson; Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press, 1975) 131-56.
 
Stone, Michael E.  "On Reading an Apocalypse."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (JSPSup 9; ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 65-78.
 
VanderKam, James C. and William Adler, ed.  The Jewish Apocalyptic Heritage in Early Christianity.  Assen, Netherlands/Minneapolis: Van Gorcum/Fortress, 1996.
 
Weinfeld, Moshe.  "Expectations of the Divine Kingdom in Biblical and Postbiblical Literature."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 218-32.
 
Wilken, Robert L.  "In novissimis diebus: Biblical Promises, Jewish Hopes and Early Christian Exegesis."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 1 (1993) 1-19.

Bible, Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha & Dead Sea Scrolls
General
 
Aune, David Edward.   The Cultic Setting of Realized Eschatology in Early Christianity, NovTSup 28.  Leiden, Brill, 1972.
 
VanderKam, James C.  "Exile in the Jewish Apocalyptic Literature."  In Exile: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian Conceptions (ed. James M. Scott; JSJSup 56; Leiden: Brill, 1997) 89-109.
 
Prophetic Literature
 
Hoffman, Yair.  "Eschatology in the Book of Jeremiah."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 75-97.
 
Reventlow, Henning Graf.  "The Eschatologization of the Prophetic Books: A Comparative Study."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 169-88.
 
Thiel, Winfried.  "Character and Function of Divine Sayings in the Elijah and Elisha Traditions."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 189-99.
 
Uffenheimer, Benjamin.  "From Prophetic to Apocalyptic Eschatology."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 200-217.
 
Enoch Literature
 
Fröhlich, Ida.  "The Symbolical Language of the Animal Apocalypse of Enoch (1 Enoch 85-90)."  Revue de Qumran 14 (1990) 629-36.
 
Nickelsburg, George W. E.  1 Enoch: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 1-36, 81-108, Hermeneia Commentary Series.  Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001.
 
--------.  "The Apocalyptic Construction of Reality in 1 Enoch."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; JSPSup 9; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 51-64.
 
--------.  "The Books of Enoch at Qumran. What We Know and What We Need to Think About."  In Antikes Judentum und frühes Christentum. Festschrift für Hartmut Stegemann zum 65. Geburtstag (ed. B. Kollmann, W. Reinbold, and A. Steudel; BZNW 97; Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1999) 99-113.
 
VanderKam, James C.  Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition, Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monography Series 16.  Washington, D. C.: Catholic Biblical Association, 1984.
 
Daniel
 
Avalos, Hector I.  "The Comedic Function of the Enumerations of Officials and Instruments in Daniel 3."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 53 (1991) 580-88.
 
Beale, Gregory K.  The Use of Daniel in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and in the Revelation of St. John.  Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984.
 
Collins, John J. and Peter W. Flint, eds.  The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception, 2 vols., VTSup 83.1-2, Formation and Interpretation of Old Testament Literature 2.1-2.  Leiden: Brill, 2001.
 
Cross, Frank Moore.  "Notes on the Doctrine of the Two Messiahs at Qumran and the Extracanonical Daniel Apocalypse (4Q246)."  In Current Research and Technological Developments on the Dead Sea Scrolls (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996) 1-13.
 
Ferch, Arthur J.  The Son of Man in Daniel 7, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 6.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1979.
 
Good, E. M.  "Apocalyptic Comedy: The Book of Daniel."  Semeia 32 (1984) 41-70.
 
Grabbe, Lester L.  "The Seventy-Weeks Prophecy (Daniel 9:24-27) in Early Jewish Interpretation."  In The Quest for Context and Meaning: Studies in Biblical Intertextuality in Honor of James A. Sanders (ed. Craig A. Evans and Shemaryahu Talmon; BibInt 28; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997) 595-611.
 
McKay, Gretchen Kreahling.  "The Eastern Christian Exegetical Tradition of Daniel's Vision of the Ancient of Days."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 7 (1999) 139-61.
 
Redditt, Paul L."Daniel 11 and the Sociohistorical Setting of the Book of Daniel."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 60 (1998) 463-74.
 
Slater, Thomas B.  "One Like a Son of Man in First-Century CE Judaism."  New Testament Studies 41 (1995) 183-98.
 
van der Woude, Adam S.  "Prophetic Prediction, Political Prognostication, and Firm Belief: Reflections on Daniel 11:40-12:3."  In The Quest for Context and Meaning: Studies in Biblical Intertextuality in Honor of James A. Sanders (ed. Craig A. Evans and Shemaryahu Talmon; BibInt 28; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997) 63-73.
 
Psalms
 
Gillingham, Susan.  "Psalmody and Apocalyptic in the Hebrew Bible: Common Vision, Shared Experience."  In After the Exile: Essays in Honor of Rex Mason (ed. John Barton and David Reimer; Macon, Georgia/Amsterdam: Mercer University Press/Kok Pharos, 1996) 147-69.
 
Dead Sea Scrolls
 
Collins, John J.  Apocalypticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls.  New York: Routledge, 1997.
 
Cross, Frank Moore.  "Notes on the Doctrine of the Two Messiahs at Qumran and the Extracanonical Daniel Apocalypse (4Q246)."  In Current Research and Technological Developments on the Dead Sea Scrolls (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996) 1-13.
 
Davies, Philip R.  "Eschatology at Qumran."  In Sects and Scrolls: Essays on Qumran and Related Topics (USFSHJ 134; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996) 61-78.
 
Evans, Craig A. and Peter W. Flint, eds.  Eschatology, Messianism, and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature 1.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1997.
 
García Martínez, Florentino.  "Apocalypticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 162-92.
 
--------.  Qumran and Apocalyptic: Studies on the Aramaic Texts from Qumran, STDJ 9.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992.
 
Nickelsburg, George W. E.  "The Books of Enoch at Qumran. What We Know and What We Need to Think about."  In Antikes Judentum und frühes Christentum. Festschrift für Hartmut Stegemann zum 65. Geburtstag (ed. B. Kollmann, W. Reinbold, and A. Steudel; BZNW 97; Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1999) 99-113.
 
--------.  "The Qumranic Radicalizing and Anthropologizing of an Eschatological Tradition (1QH 4:29-40)."  In Ernten, was man sat: Acta Symposii Internationalis Iuris Canonici Occurrente 10 Anniversario Promulgationis Codicis Iuris Canonici Diebus 19-24 Aprilis 1993 in Civitate Vaticana Celebrati (ed. Dwight R. Daniels; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener, 1991) 423-35.
 
Nitzan, Bilhah.  "Eschatological Motives in Qumran Literature: The Messianic Concept."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 132-51.
 
Wise, Michael O., ed.  "Qumran and Apocalyptic: The 'End of Days' in Ancient Judaism and the Dead Sea Scrolls."  Journal of Near Eastern Studies 49 (1990) 101-94.
 
General New Testament
 
Balz, Horst.  "Early Christian Faith as 'Hope against Hope.'"  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 31-48.
 
Link, Christian.  "Points of Departure for a Christian Eschatology."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 98-110.
 
Nebe, Gottfried.  "The Son of Man and the Angels: Reflections on the Formation of Christology in the Context of Eschatology."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 111-31.
 
Pate, C. Marvin and Douglas W. Kennard.  Deliverance Now and Not Yet: The New Testament and the Great Tribulation, Studies in Biblical Literature 54.  New York: Peter Lang, 2003.
 
 
Pauline Epistles
 
Davies, J. P.  Paul among the Apocalypses? An Evaluation of hte "Apocalyptic Paul" in the Context of Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic Literature, Library of New Testament Studies 562.  New York: Bloomsbury, 2016.
 
de Boer, Martinus.  "Paul and Apocalypticism."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 345-83.
 
Kee, Howard Clark.  "Pauline Eschatology: Relationships with Apocalyptic and Stoic Thought."  In Glaube und Eschatologie: Festschrift für Werner Georg Kümmel zum 80. Geburtstag (ed. Erich Grässer and Otto Merk; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1985) 135-58.
 
Matlock, R. Barry.  Unveiling the Apocalyptic Paul: Paul's Interpreters and the Rhetoric of Criticism, JSNTSup 127.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.
 
Plevnik, Joseph.  Paul and the Parousia: An Exegetical and Theological Investigation.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson.
 
Stanley, D. M.  "The Theme of the Servant of Yahweh in Primitive Christian Soteriology, and Its Transposition by St. Paul."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 16 (1954) 385-425.
 
Gospels
 
Meadors, Edward P.  "The 'Messianic' Implications of the Q Material."   Journal of Biblical Literature 118 (1999) 253-77.
 
Rowland, Christopher.  "Apocalyptic, the Poor, and the Gospel of Matthew."  Journal of Theological Studies 45 (1994) 504-518.
 
Wengst, Klaus.  "Aspects of the Last Judgment in the Gospel according to Matthew."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 233-45.
 
Johannine Literature
 
Allen, Garrick V.  The Book of Revelation and Early Jewish Textual Culture, SNTSM 168.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
 
Allen, Garrick V., Ian Paul and Simon P. Woodman, eds.  The Book of Revelation: Currents in British Research on the Apocalypse, WUNT 2, 411.  Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2015.
 
Aune, David Edward.  "The Apocalypse of John and Ancient Revelatory Literature."  In The New Testament in Its Literary Environment (LEC 8; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1987) 226-52.
 
--------.  Revelation 6-16, Word Biblical Commentary 52B.  Nashville, Tennessee: T. Nelson, 1998.
 
Barr, David.  Tales of the End: A Narrative Commentary on the Book of Revelation.  Santa Rosa, California: Polebridge, 1998.
 
Bauckham, Richard.  The Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation.  Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1993.
 
--------.  "The Figurae of John of Patmos."  In Prophecy and Millenarianism: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Reeves (ed. Ann Williams; Burnt Hill, Harlow, England: Longman, 1980) 107-25.
 
Beale, Gregory K.  The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text, NIGTC.  Grand Rapids, Michigan/Cambridge: Carlisle/Paternoster/William B. Eerdmans, 1999.
 
Beale, Gregory K.  John's Use of the Old Testament in Revelation, JSNTSup 166.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.
 
--------.  The Use of Daniel in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and in the Revelation of St. John.  Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1984.
 
Carrell, Peter R.  Jesus and the Angels: Angelology and the Christology of the Apocalypse of John, SNTSMS 95.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 
Collins, Adela Yarbro.  The Apocalypse, New Testament Message 22.  Wilmington, Delaware: Michael Glazier, 1979.
 
--------.  "The Book of Revelation."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 384-414.
 
--------.  Crisis and Catharsis: The Power of the Apocalypse.   Philadelphia: Westminster, 1984.
 
--------.  "The Political Perspective of the Revelation of John."  Journal of Biblical Literature 96 (1977) 241-56.
 
--------.  "The Seven Heavens in Jewish and Christian Apocalypses."  In Death, Ecstasy, and Other Worldly Journeys (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995) 59-93.
 
--------.  "Vilification and Self-Definition in the Book of Revelation."  In Christians among Jews and Gentiles: Essays in Honor of Krister Stendahl (ed. George W. E. Nickelsburg; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986) 308-320.
 
Court, John M.  The Book of Revelation and the Johannine Apocalyptic Tradition, JSNTSup 190.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.
 
--------.  Myth and History in the Book of Revelation.   Atlanta: John Knox, 1979.
 
--------.  Revelation, NTG 20.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
 
Deutsch, Celia.  "Transformation of Symbols: The New Jerusalem in Rv 21 1-22 5."  Zeitschrift für die neuetestamentliche Wissenschaft 78 (1987) 106-26.
 
Duff, Paul B.  Who Rides the Beast?  Prophetic Rivalry and the Rhetoric of Crisis in the Churches of the Apocalypse.   New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
 
Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler.  The Book of Revelation: Justice and Judgment, 2d ed.  Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1985.
 
Friesen, Steven J.  Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John: Reading Revelation in the Ruins.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
 
Garrow, A. J. P.  Revelation, New Testament Readings.  London/New York: Routledge, 1997.
 
Giblin, Charles Homer, S. J.  "From and before the Throne: Revelation 4:5-6a Integrating the Imagery of Revelation 4-16."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 60 (1998) 500-513.
 
Howard-Brook, Wes and Anthony Gwyther.  Unveiling Empire: Reading Revelation Then and Now.  Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999.
 
Jones, Bruce William.  "More about the Apocalypse as Apocalyptic."  Journal of Biblical Literature 87 (1968) 325-7.
 
Kallas, James.  "The Apocalypse: An Apocalyptic Book?"  Journal of Biblical Literature 86 (1967) 69-80.
 
Kiel, Micah D.  Apocalyptic Ecology: The Book of Revelation, the Earth, and the Future.  Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2017.
 
Kim, Jean K.  "'Uncovering Her Wickedness': An Inter(con)textual Reading of Revelation 17 From a Postcolonial Feminist Perspective."   Journal for the Study of the New Testament 73 (1999) 61-81.
 
Kistemaker, Simon J.  Exposition of the Book of Revelation, New Testament Commentary.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2001.
 
Knight, Jonathan.  Revelation, Readings, A New Biblical Commentary.   Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999.
 
Kovacs, Judith L.  "'Now Shall the Ruler of This World Be Driven Out': Jesus' Death as Cosmic Battle in John 12:20-36."  Journal of Biblical Literature 114 (1995) 227-47.
 
Kraybill, J. Nelson.  Imperial Cult and Commerce in John's Apocalypse, JSNTSup 132.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
 
Kyrtatas, D.  "The Transformations of the Text: The Reception of John's Revelation."  In History as Text: The Writing of Ancient History (ed. Averil Cameron; Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1990) 146-62.
 
Malina, Bruce J.  The New Jerusalem in the Revelation of John, Zacchaeus Studies, New Testament.  Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2000.
 
Marshall, John W.  Parables of War: Reading John's Jewish Apocalypse, Studies in Christianity and Judaism 10.  Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001.
 
Michaels, J. Ramsey.  "Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic Letters: 1 Peter, Revelation, and 2 Baruch 78-87."  In SBLSP 26 (1987) 268-75.
 
Middleton, Paul.  The Violence of the Lamb: Martyrs as Agents of Divine Judgement in the Book of Revelation, Library of New Testament Studies 586.  New York: T&T Clark, 2018.
 
Moyise, Steve.  The Old Testament in the Book of Revelation, JSNTSup 115.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1995.
 
Olson, D. C.  "'Those Who Have Not Defiled Themselves with Women': Revelation 14:4 and the Book of Enoch."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 59 (1997) 492-510.
 
Osborne, Grant O.  Revelation, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament.  Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker, 2002.
 
Patrick, Dale.  The Rhetoric of Revelation in the Hebrew Bible, Overtures to Biblical Theology.  Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1999.
 
Paulien, Jon.  Decoding Revelation's Trumpets: Literary Allusions and Interpretations of Revelation 8:7-12, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 11.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1987.
 
Pippin, Tina.  Apocalyptic Bodies: The Biblical End of the World in Text and Image.  New York: Routledge, 1999.
 
-------.  Death and Desire: The Rhetoric of Gender in the Apocalypse of John, Literary Currents in Biblical Interpretation.   Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1992. 1992
 
Ramsay, W. M.  The Letters to the Seven Churches.  Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1994; original 1904.
 
Resseguie, James L.  Revelation Unsealed: A Narrative Critical Approach to John's Apocalypse, BibInt 32.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998.
 
Rossing, Barbara R.  The Choice Between Two Cities: Whore, Bride and Empire in the Apocalypse, Harvard Theological Studies 48.  Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1999.
 
Slater, Thomas B.  Christ and Community: A Socio-Historical Study of the Christology of Revelation, JSNTSup 178.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999.
 
Smith, Robert H.  Apocalypse: A Commentary on Revelation in Words and Images.  Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2000.
 
Spatafora, Andrea.  From the "Temple of God" to God as the Temple: A Biblical Theological Study of the Temple in the Book of Revelation, Tesi Gregoriana Serie Teologia 27.  Rome: Gregorian University Press, 1997.
 
Stefanovic, Ranko.  Background and Meaning of the Sealed Book of Revelation 5, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 22.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1996.
 
Stevenson, Gregory M.  "Conceptual Background to Golden Crown Imagery in the Apocalypse of John (4:4, 10; 14:14)."  Journal of Biblical Literature 114 (1995) 257-72.
 
Other NT Texts
 
Dubis, Mark.  Messianic Woes in First Peter: Suffering and Eschatology in 1 Peter 4:12-19, Studies in Biblical Literature 33.  New York: Peter Lang, 2002.
 
Michaels, J. Ramsey.  "Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic Letters: 1 Peter, Revelation, and 2 Baruch 78-87."  In SBLSP 26 (1987) 268-75.
 
Osburn, Carroll D.  "Discourse Analysis and Jewish Apocalyptic in the Epistle of Jude."  In Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis (ed. David Alan Black; Nashville: Broadman, 1992) 287-319.
 

 
Messianism
 
Becker, Joachim.  Messianic Expectation in the Old Testament, trans. David E. Green.  Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
 
Betz, Otto and Sarah A. Edwards, eds.  "Messianic Expectations in the Context of First-Century Judaism."  In Christology in Dialogue (ed. Robert F. Berkey and Sarah A. Edwards; Cleveland: Pilgrim, 1993) 31-43.
 
Chester, Andrew.  "Jewish Messianic Expectations and Mediatorial Figures and Pauline Christology."  In Paulus und das antike Judentum (ed. Ulrich Heckel and Martin Hengel; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1991) 17-89.
 
Collins, John J.  "Jesus and the Messiahs of Israel."  In Geschichte— Tradition— Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zum 70. Geburtstag, vol. 3, Frühes Christentum (ed. Hermann Lichtenberger; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1996) 287-302.
 
--------.  The Scepter and the Star: The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature, ABRL.  New York: Doubleday, 1995.
 
Court, John M.  The Book of Revelation and the Johannine Apocalyptic Tradition, JSNTSup 190.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.
 
Day, John, ed.  King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar, JSOTSup 270.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.
 
Ehrman, Bart D.  Jesus, Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
 
Ferch, Arthur J.  The Son of Man in Daniel 7, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 6.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1979.
 
Fishbane, Michael.  "Midrash and Messianism: Some Theologies of Suffering and Salvation."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
 
Gager, John G.  "Messiahs and their Followers."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
 
Glasson, T. Francis.  "The Temporary Messianic Kingdom and the Kingdom of God."  Journal of Theological Studies 41 (1990) 517-25.
 
Horsley, Richard.  "The Jesus Movement."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 303-344.
 
--------.  "Popular Messianic Movements Around the Time of Jesus."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 46 (1984) 471-95.
 
Juel, Donald.  Messianic Exegesis: Christological Interpretation of the Old Testament in Early Christianity.  Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
 
Klausner, Joseph.  The Messianic Idea in Israel, from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah, 3d Hebrew edition, trans. W. F. Stinespring.  New York: Macmillan, 1955; Hebrew original.
 
Laato, Antti.  A Star is Rising: The Historical Development of hte Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations, University of South Florida International Studies in Formative Christianity and Judaism 5.  Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997.
 
Landman, Leo, ed.  Messianism in the Talmudic Era.  New York: KTAV, 1979.
 
Levey, Samson H.  The Messiah: An Aramaic Interpretation; The Messianic Exegesis of the Targum.  Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, 1974.
 
Mantel, Hugo.  "The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt."  Jewish Quarterly Review 58 (1968) 224-42, 274-96.
 
Meadors, Edward P.  "The 'Messianic' Implications of the Q Material."   Journal of Biblical Literature 118 (1999) 253-77.
 
Neusner, Jacob, William Scott Green and Ernest S. Frerichs, eds.   Judaisms and Their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
 
Nitzan, Bilhah.  "Eschatological Motives in Qumran Literature: The Messianic Concept."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 132-51.
 
Oegema, Gerbern S.  The Anointed and His People: Messianic Expectations from the Maccabeees to Bar Kochba, JSPSup 27.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.
 
Schafer, Peter.  "Introduction: Diversity and Interaction: Messiahs in Early Judaism."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
 
Sharot, Stephen.  Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements.  Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
 
Slater, Thomas B.  "One Like a Son of Man in First-Century CE Judaism."  New Testament Studies 41 (1995) 183-98.
 
Stanley, D. M.  "The Theme of the Servant of Yahweh in Primitive Christian Soteriology, and Its Transposition by St. Paul."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 16 (1954) 385-425.
 
VanderKam, James.  "Messianism and Apocalypticism."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (New York: Continuum, 1998) 193-228.
 
Wise, Michael O.  The First Messiah: Investigating the Savior before Christ.  San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999.
 
Yadin, Yigael.  Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome.  New York: Random House, 1971.
 
Zimmerli, Walther and Joachim Jeremias, rev. ed.  The Servant of God.  London: SCM, 1965.
 

 
Ancient Numerology
 
Blumenthal, David R.  "The Creator and the Computer: Arranging Hebrew Letters in Sefer Yetsirah."  In History, Religion and Spiritual Democracy: Essays in Honor of Joseph L. Blau (ed. Maurice Wohlgelernter; New York: Columbia University Press, 1980) 114-29.
 
Bohak, Gideon.  "Greek-Hebrew Gematrias in 3 Baruch and in Revelation."   Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 7 (1990) 119-21.
 
Davis, John James.  Biblical Numerology: A Basic Study of the Use of Numbers in the Bible.  Grand Rapids: Baker, 1968.
 
Friberg, Jöran.  "Numbers and Counting."  Anchor Bible Dictionary 4.1139-46.
 
Ifrah, Georges.  From One to Zero: A Universal History of Numbers, trans. Lowell Bair.  New York: Viking, 1985; French original, Paris, 1981.
 
Lieberman, Stephen J.  "A Mesopotamian Background for the So-called Aggadic 'Measures' of Biblical Hermeneutics: Especially Gematria and Notariqon."  Hebrew Union College Annual 58 (1987) 157-225.
 
Moeller, Walter O.  "Marks, Names and Numbers: Further Observations on Solar Symbolism and Ancient Numerology."  In Hommages à Maarten J. Vermasweren, vol. 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978) 801-820.
 
Rand, Herbert.  "Numerological Structure in Biblical Literature."   Jewish Bible Quarterly 20 (1991) 50-56.
 
Sambursky, Shmuel.  "On the Origin and Significance of the Term Gematria."  Journal of Jewish Studies 29 (1978) 35-8.
 

 
Social Issues
 
Charlesworth, James H.  "Folk Traditions in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (JSPSup 9; ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 91-113.
 
Clements, R. E., ed.  The World of Ancient Israel: Sociological, Anthropological, and Political Perspectives, Essays by Members of the Society for Old Testament Study.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
 
Collins, John J.  "Genre, Ideology and Social Movements in Jewish Apocalypticism."  In Mysteries and Revelations: Apocalyptic Studies since the Uppsala Colloquium (JSPSup 9; ed. John J. Collins and James H. Charlesworth; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991) 11-32.
 
Combes, I. A. H.  The Metaphor of Slavery in the Writings of the Early Church: From the New Testament to the Beginning of the Fifth Century, JSNTSup 156.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.
 
Cook, Stephen L.  Prophecy and Apocalypticism: The Postexilic Social Setting.  Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.
 
Davies, Philip R.  "The Social World of the Apocalyptic Writings."  In The World of Ancient Israel: Sociological, Anthropological, and Political Perspectives, Essays by Members of the Society for Old Testament Study (ed. R. E. Clements; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) 251-71.
 
Gager, John G.  Kingdom and Community: The Social World of Early Christianity.  Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1975.
 
Harrill, James Albert.  The Manumission of Slaves in Early Christianity, HUT 32.  T¨bingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1995.
 
Hurowitz, Avigdor.  "'His Master Shall Pierce his Ear with an Awl' (Exodus 21:6) - Marking Slaves in the Bible in Light of Akkadian Sources."  American Academy for Jewish Research (1992) 47-77.
 
Jones, C. P.  "Stigma: Tattooing and Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity."  Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987) 139-55.
 
Macmullen, Ramsey.  "Judicial Savagery in the Roman Empire."  Chiron 16 (1986) 147-66.
 
Sharot, Stephen.  Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements.  Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.
 
Vogt, Joseph.  Ancient Slavery and the Ideal of Man, trans. Thomas Wiedemann.  Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1975.
 
Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism, 100-600 C.E.
 

 
General Studies
 
Attridge, Harold W.  "Valentinian and Sethian Apocalyptic Traditions."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 8 (2000) 173-211.
 
Aune, David Edward.  Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World.  Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1983.
 
Bietenhard, Hans.  "The Millennial Hope in the Early Church."  Scottish Journal of Theology 6 (1953) 12-30.
 
Chadwick, Henry.  "Hope for the Millennium in the Early Church: Expectation for This World?"  In Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium (ed. Christopher Kleinhenz and Fannie J. LeMoine; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999) 44-58.
 
Collins, Adela Yarbro.  Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism, SupJSJ 50.  Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996.
 
Daley, Brian.  "Apocalypticism in Early Christian Theology."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 2, Apocalypticism in Western History and Culture (ed. Bernard McGinn; New York: Continuum, 1998) 3-47.
 
-------.  The Hope of the Early Church.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
 
Florovsky, George.  "Eschatology in the Patristic Age."  Studia Patristica 2 (1957) 235-50.
 
Herrera, Robert A., ed.  Mystics of the Book: Themes, Topics and Typologies.  New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
 
Hill, Charles Evan.  Regnum Caelorum: Patterns of Future Hope in Early Christianity.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
 
Kolenkow, Anitra Bingham.  "Asceticism, Apocalypticism and Alternatives-Hypotheses for Spectra of Occurrences: Studies and Summaries of Three Times in Early Church History."  In SBLSP 23 (1984) 241-4.
 
LeMoine, Fannie J.  "Apocalyptic Experience and the Conversion of Women in Early Christianity."  In Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium (ed. Christopher Kleinhenz and Fannie J. LeMoine; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999) 201-206.
 
Wilken, Robert L.  "Early Christian Chiliasm, Jewish Messianism, and the Idea of the Holy Land."  In Christians among Jews and Gentiles: Essays in Honor of Krister Stendahl (ed. George W. E. Nickelsburg; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986) 298-307.
 

 
Texts
 
Chester, Andrew.  "The Parting of the Ways: Eschatology and Messianic Hope."  In Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways A. D. 70 to 135 (ed. James D. G. Dunn; WUNT 66; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1992) 239-313.
 
Draper, Jonathan A.  "Resurrection and Zechariah 14.5 in the Didache Apocalypse."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 5 (1997) 155-79.
 
Longnecker, Bruce W.  "Locating 4 Ezra: A Consideration of Its Social Setting and Functions."  Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 28 (1997) 271-93.
 
Michaels, J. Ramsey.  "Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic Letters: 1 Peter, Revelation, and 2 Baruch 78-87."  In SBLSP 26 (1987) 268-75.
 
O'Brien, D. P.  "The Cumaean Sibyl as the Revelation-bearer in the Shepherd of Hermas."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 5 (1997) 473-96.
 
Seeliger, Hans Reinhard.  "Considerations on the Background and Purpose of the Apocalyptic Conclusion of the Didache."  In The Didache in Modern Research (ed. Jonathan A. Draper; AGJU 37; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996) 373-82.
 

 
Apocalyptic Trajectories in Judaism
 
Fishbane, Michael.  "Midrash and Messianism: Some Theologies of Suffering and Salvation."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
 
Gruenwald, Ithamar.  From Apocalypticism to Gnosticism: Studies in Apocalypticism, Merkavah Mysticism and Gnosticism.  Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1988.
 
Ifrah, Georges.  From One to Zero: A Universal History of Numbers, trans. Lowell Bair.  New York: Viking, 1985; French original, Paris, 1981.
 
Landman, Leo, ed.  Messianism in the Talmudic Era.  New York: KTAV, 1979.
 
Luttikhuizen, G. P.  "The Book of Elchasai: A Jewish Apocalypse."  Aula Orientalis 5 (1987) 101-106.
 
Morray-Jones, C. R. A.  "Transformational Mysticism in the Apocalyptic-Merkabah Tradition."  Journal of Jewish Studies 43 (1992) 1-31.
 
Neusner, Jacob.  "Messianic Themes in Formative Judaism."  Journal of the American Academy of Religion 52 (1984) 357-74.
 
-------.  "One Theme, Two Settings: The Messiah in the Literature of the Synagogue and in the Rabbis' Canon of Late Antiquity."  Biblical Theology Bulletin 14 (1984) 110-21.
 
Oppenheimer, Aharon.  "Leadership and Messianism in the Time of the Mishnah."   (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 152-68.
 
Reynolds, Benjamin E. and Loren T. Stuckenbruck, eds.  The Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the Shaping of New Testament Thought.  Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017.
 
Rowland, Christopher.  "The Parting of the Ways: The Evidence of Jewish and Christian Apocalyptic and Mystical Material."  In Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, AD 70 to 135: The Second Durham-Tübingen Research Symposium on Earliest Christianity and Judaism, Durham, September 1989 (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1992) 213-37.
 
Rubin, Nissan and Admiel Kosman.  "The Clothing of the Primordial Adam as a Symbol of Apocalyptic Time in the Midrashic Sources."   Harvard Theological Review 90 (1997) 155-74.
 
Silverman, Lawrence M.  "Messiah Son of Joseph in the Apocalyptic Midrashim."  In "Open Thou Mine Eyes": Essays On Aggadah and Judaica Presented to Rabbi William G. Braude on His Eightieth Birthday and Dedicated to His Memory (ed. Herman J. Blumberg, Benjamin Braude and Bernard H. Mehlman; Hoboken, New Jersey: KTAV, 1992) 273-84.
 

 
Montanism
 
Primary Texts
Montanist Materials
Heine, Ronald E., trans.  The Montanist Oracles and Testimonia, NAPSPMS 14.  Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1989.
 
Tabbernee, William.  Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism, NAPSPMS 16.  Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1997.
 
Anti-Montanist Materials
Apollonius.  "Concerning Montanism," trans. B. P. Pratten.  In The Twelve Patriarchs, Excerpts and Epistles, the Clementina, Apocrypha, Decretals, Memoirs of Edessa and Syriac Documents, Remains of the First Ages (ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; ANF 8; Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1867-72) 775-6.  (On hard copy and ERes reserve [Research Readings] when course is taught.)
 
Eusebius.  "The History of the Church 5.14-19," trans. G. A. Williamson, and "Appendixes: D. Heretics."  In Eusebius, The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine (Harmondsworth, England: Dorset, 1965) 217-26, 420-21.  (On hard copy and ERes [Research Readings] reserve when course is taught.)
 
Tertullian.  "The Passion of the Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas," trans. R. E. Wallis.  In Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian.  I. Apologetic; II. Anti-Marcion; III. Ethical (ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; Anet-Nicene Fathers 3; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1994; original, 1885) 697-706.   (On hard copy and ERes [Research Readings] reserve when course is taught.)
 
Secondary Sources
Barnes, T. D.  "The Chronology of Montanus."  Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 21 (1970) 403-408.
 
Coxe, A. Cleveland.  "Introductory Note (to Tertullian, The Passion of the Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas)."  In Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian.  I. Apologetic; II. Anti-Marcion; III. Ethical (ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; Ante-Nicene Fathers 3; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1994; original, 1885) 10-12.  (On hard copy and ERes [Research Readings] reserve when course is taught.)
 
Daunton-Fear, A.  "The Ecstasies of Montanus."  Studia Patristica 17 (1982) 648-51.
 
Elm, Susanna.  "'Pierced by Bronze Needles': Anti-Montanist Charges of Ritual Stigmatization in Their Fourth-Century Context."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 4 (1996) 409-39.
 
Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler.  "Toward a Feminist Critical Method."  In In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins (New York: Crossroad, 1985) 41-67.  (On hard copy and ERes [Research Readings] reserve when course is taught.)
 
Frend, W. H. C.  "Montanism: A Movement of Prophecy and Regional Identity in the Early Church."  In Sects and New Religious Movements (ed. A. Dyson and E. Barker; BJRL 70.3; Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988) 25-34.
 
Gero, Stephen.  "Montanus and Montanism According to a Medieval Syriac Source."  Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 28 (1977) 520-24.
 
Groh, Dennis E.  "Utterance and Exegesis: Biblical Interpretation in the Montanist Crisis."  In The Living Text; Essays in Honor of Ernest W. Sanders (ed. Dennis E. Groh and Robert Jewett; Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985) 73-95.
 
Hill, Charles Evan.  "The Marriage of Montanism and Millennialism."   Studia Patristica 26 (Louvain: Peeters, 1993) 140-46.
 
Huber, Elaine C.  Women and the Authority of Inspiration: A Reexamination of Two Prophetic Movements from a Contemporary Feminist Perspective.  Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985.
 
Jensen, Anne.  God's Self-Confident Daughters: Early Christianity and the Liberation of Women, trans. O. C. Dean.  Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
 
Klawiter, Frederick C.  The New Prophecy in Early Christianity: The Origin, Nature and Development of Montanism, A.D. 165-220.  Ph. D. Dissertation; Chicago, 1975.
 
-------.  "The Role of Martyrdom and Persecution in Developing the Priestly Authority of Women in Early Christianity: A Case Study of Montanism."   Church History 49 (1980) 251-61.
 
Kreidler, Mary Jane.  "Montanism and Monasticism: Charism and Authority in the Early Church."  Studia Patristica 18 (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian, 1989) 229-34.
 
McGinn, Sheila Elizabeth.  "The 'Montanist' Oracles and Prophetic Theology."   Studia Patristica 31 (Louvain: Peeters, 1997) 128-35.
 
Poirier, John C.  "Montanist Pepuza-Jerusalem and the Dwelling Place of Wisdom."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 7 (1999) 491-507.
 
Tabbernee, William.  "Early Montanism and Voluntary Martyrdom."   Colloquium 17 (1985) 33-44.
 
--------.  "Montanist Regional Bishops: New Evidence from Ancient Inscriptions."   Journal of Early Christian Studies 1 (3 1993) 249-80.
 
-------.  The Opposition to Montanism from Church and State: A Study of the History and Theology of the Montanist Movement as Shown by the Writings and Legislation of the Orthodox Opponents of Montanism.  Ph. D. Dissertation, Melbourne, 1978.
 
-------.  "Revelation 21 and the Montanist 'New Jerusalem.'"  Australian Biblical Review 37 (1989) 52-60.
 
Trevett, Christine.  "Apocalypse, Ignatius, Montanism: Seeking the Seeds."   Vigiliae Christianae 43 (1989) 313-38.
 
-------.  "Eschatological Timetabling and the Montanist Prophet Maximilla."   Studia Patristica 31 (Louvain: Peeters, 1997) 218-24.
 
-------.  "Fingers Up Noses and Pricking with Needles: Possible Reminiscences of Revelation in Later Montanism."  Vigiliae Christianae 49 (1995) 258-69.
 
-------.   Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
 
Williams, D. H.  "The Origins of the Montanist Movement: A Sociological Analysis."  Religion 19 (1989) 331-51.
 

 
Apocalyptic in the Byzantine Empire
 
Alexander, Paul J.  The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
 
--------.  "The Diffusion of Byzantine Apocalypses in the Medieval West and the Beginning of Joachimism."  In Prophecy and Millenarianism: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Reeves (ed. Ann Williams; Burnt Hill, Harlow, England: Longman, 1980) 53-106.
 
McKay, Gretchen Kreahling.  "The Eastern Christian Exegetical Tradition of Daniel's Vision of the Ancient of Days."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 7 (1999) 139-61.
 
Olster, David.  "Byzantine Apocalypses."  In Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 2, Apocalypticism in Western History and Culture (ed. Bernard McGinn; New York: Continuum, 1998) 48-73.
 
Patterson, L. G.  "Methodius' Millenarianism."  In Studia Patristica, vol. 24, Historica, Theologica et Philosophica, Gnostica (ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone; Leuven: Peeters, 1993) 306-315.
 

 
Apocalyptic in the Western Roman Empire
 
Vessey, Mark, Karla Pollman, and Allan Fitzgerald, eds.  History, Apocalypse, and the Secular Imagination: New Essays on Augustine's City of God.  Bowling Green, Ohio: Philosophy Documentation Center, 1999; also published in Augustinian Studies 30:2 (1999).
 
 
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