Bowsher, Julian M. C. "Architecture and Religion in the Decapolis: A Numismatic Survey." Palestine Exploration Quarterly 119 (1987) 62-9.
Bowsher, Julian M. C. "Civic Organization within the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 265-81.
Dodge, Hazel. "Roman Building Materials and Techniques." Levant 16 (1984) vi.
Dvorjetski, Esti. "Medicinal Hot Springs in Eretz-Israel and the Decapolis during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 425-49.
El-Khouri, Lamia Salim. "The Roman Countryside in North-west Jordan (63 BC–AD 324)." Levant 40:1 (2008) 71-87.
Figueras, Pau. "The Roman Worship of Athena-Allat in the Decapolis and the Negev." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 173-83.
Goodman, Martin D. "Jews in the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 49-56.
Graf, David F. "Hellenisation and the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 1-48.
Isaac, Benjamin. "The Decapolis in Syria, A Neglected Inscription." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 44 (1981) 67-74.
Moors, Steven. "The Decapolis: City Territories, Villages and Bouleutai." In After the Past: Essays in Ancient History in Honour of H. W. Pleket (ed. Willem Jongman and Marc Kleijwegt; MnemosyneSup 233, History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity; Boston: Brill, 2002) 157-207.
O'Hea, Margaret. "The Glass Industry of the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 253-64.
Smith, Robert Wayne. "Secondary Use of the Necropoleis of the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 215-28.
Zeyadeh, Ali. "Urban Transformation in the Decapolis Cities of Jordan." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 101-115.
Secondary Literature
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Abila
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Burdick, Donald W., ed. "The Abila Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 31 (1988) 19-66.
Kyle, Robert H. "The 1992 Area E Excavations at Abila: The Area Supervisor's Preliminary Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 37-9.
--------. "The Human Bones of Abila: The Osteologist's Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 23-4.
Mare, W. Harold. "The 1982 Abila of the Decapolis Excavations and Regional Survey." American Journal of Archaeology 88:2 (1984) 252.
--------. "The Abila Excavations: The 1992 Seventh Campaign at Abila of the Decapolis." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 10-18.
Mare, W. Harold and Michael Pfefferkorn. "The 1992 Abila Coin Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 25.
Smith, Robert Wayne. "The Sixth Season of Tomb Excavations at Abila: Area Supervisor's Preliminary Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 40-59.
Winter, Willard W. "The Area D 1992 Excavations at Abila: Area Supervisor's Preliiminary (sic) Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 26-36.
Winter, Willard W. and Greg Smith. "The 1992 Excavations at Abila of the Decapolis: The Education Director's Report." Near Eastern Archaeological Society Bulletin n.s. 37 (1992) 19-22.
Secondary Literature
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Fuller, Michael Jeffrey. Abila of the Decapolis. A Roman-Byzantine City in Transjordan. St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University Press, 1987.
Mare, W. Harold. "Abila: A Thriving Greco-Roman City of the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 57-77.
Wineland, John D. Ancient Abila: An Archaeological History, British Archaeological Reports Series. London: British Archaeological Reports, 2001.
--------. "Archaeological and Numismatic Evidence for the Political Structure and Greco-Roman Religions of the Decapolis, with Particular Emphasis on Gerasa and Abila." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 329-42.
Capitolias
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Lenzen, C. J. and E. A. Knauf. "Beit Ras/Capitolias. A Preliminary Evaluation of the Archaeological and Textual Evidence." Syria 64 (1987) 21-46.
Secondary Literature
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Damascus
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Secondary Literature
Burns, Ross. Damascus: A History. London: Routledge, 2005.
McRay, J. "Damascus (The Greco-Roman Period)." In Anchor Bible Dictionary (ed. David Noel Freedman; New York: Doubleday, 1992) 1.7-8.
Roll, Israel. "Imperial Roads across and Trade Routes beyond the Roman Provinces of Judaea-Palaestina and Arabia: The State of the Research." Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 1 (2005) 107-118.
Schmitz, Thomas A. and Nicolas Wiater, eds. The Struggle for Identity: Greeks and Their Past in the First Century BCE. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2011.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Haddad, G. "Damascus in the Writings of Classical and Arab Authors." Annales Archéologiques Arabes Syriennes 1 (1951) 157-164.
Unger, M. F. Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus. A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. London: Clarke, 1957.
Hirschfeld, Yizhar. "The History and Town-Plan of Ancient Ḥammat Gādẹr." Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins 103 (1987) 101-116.
Kerner, Susanne. "The Water Systems in Gadara and Other Decapolis Cities of Northern Jordan." In Men of Dikes and Canals: The Archaeology of Water in the Middle East: International Symposium Held at Petra, Wadi Musa (H.K. of Jordan) 15-20 June, 1999 (ed. Hans-Dieter Bienert and Jutta Häser; Orient-Archäologie 13; Rahden: Leidorf, 2004) 187-202.
Khouri, Rami G. and Thomas Weber. Umm Qais: Gadara of the Decapolis. Amman, Jordan: Al Kutba/German Protestant Institute for Archaeology, 1989.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Gerasa
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Kraeling, C. H. Gerasa. City of the Decapolis. An Account Embodying the Record of a Joint Excavation Conducted by Yale University and the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem (1928-1930) and Yale University and the American Schools of Oriental Research (1930-1931 & 1933-1934). New Haven, Connecticut: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1938.
Ostrasz, Antoni A. "The Hippodrome at Gerasa: A Report on Excavations and Research 1982-1987." Syria 66 (1989) 51-77.
Zayadine, F. Jerash Archaeological Project 1981-1983, vol. 1. Amman: Department of Antiquities, 1986.
Secondary Literature
Borkowski, Zbigniew. "Inscriptions on Altars from the Hippodrome of Gerasa." Syria 66 (1989) 79-83.
Browning, I. Jerash and the Decapolis. London: Chatto & Windus, 1982.
Friedland, Elise Anne. "The Roman Marble Sculptures from the North Hall of the East Baths at Gerasa." American Journal of Archaeology 107:3 (2003) 413-48.
Kennedy, David L. Gerasa and the Decapolis: A "Virtual Island" in Northwest Jordan. London: Duckworth, 2007.
Kennedy, David L. "The Identity of Roman Gerasa: An Archaeological Approach." Mediterranean Archaeology 11 (1998) 39-69, pls. 2-3.
Kleijwegt, Marc. "Textile Manufacturing for a Religious Market. Artemis and Diana as Tycoons of Industry." In After the Past: Essays in Ancient History in Honour of H. W. Pleket (ed. Willem Jongman and Marc Kleijwegt; MnemosyneSup 233, Subseries, History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity; Boston: Brill, 2002) 81-134.
March, Charles. Spatial and Religious Transformations in the Late Antique Polis: A Multi-disciplinary Analysis with a Case-Study of the City of Gerasa, British Archaeological Reports Series. London: British Archaeological Reports, 2009.
Nassar, Mohammad. The Architectural Elements and Decoration at Gerasa (Jerash) during the Roman Period: Typological and Comparative Studies. Berlin: Mensch-und-Buch, 2004.
Owens, E. J. "Roman Town Planning." In Roman Public Buildings (ed. Ian M. Barton; Exeter Studies in History 20; Exeter: University of Exeter, 1989) 7-30, pls. 1-4.
Raja, Rubina. Urban Development and Regional Identity in the Eastern Roman Provinces 50 BC-AD 250: Aphrodisias, Ephesos, Athens, Gerasa. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2010.
Retzleff, Alexander and Abdel Majeed Mjely. "Seat Inscriptions in the Odeum at Gerasa (Jerash)." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 336 (2004) 37-48.
Segal, Arthur. "Roman Cities in the Province of Arabia." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 40:2 (1981) 108-121.
Skurdenis, Julie. "Jerash the Magnificent." Archaeology 41:4 (1988) 64-6.
Watts, Donald J. and Carol Martin Watts. "The Role of Monuments in the Geometrical Ordering of the Roman Master Plan of Gerasa." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 51:3 (1992) 306-314.
Wiseman, T. P. "Afterword: The Theatre of Civic Life." In Roman Public Buildings (ed. Ian M. Barton; Exeter Studies in History 20; Exeter: University of Exeter, 1989) 151-5.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Hippos
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Secondary Literature
Peleg, Yehuda. "The Stone Pipeline of Susta-Hippos." ARAM Periodical 13–14 (2001–2002) 423-41.
Segal, Arthur and Michael Eisenberg. "Sussita-Hippos of the Decapolis: Town-Planning and Architecture of a Roman-Byzantine City." Near Eastern Archaeology 70:2 (2007) 86-107.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Kanatha
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Freyberger, Klaus Stefan. "The Roman Kanatha: Results of the Campaigns 1997/1998." Bulletin d'études orientales 52 (2000) 143-56.
Secondary Literature
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Pella
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Day, Leslie Preston and Robert Houston Smith. Pella of the Decapolis, vol. 2, Final Report on the College of Wooster Excavations in Area IX: The Civic Complex, 1979-1985. Wooster, Ohio: College of Wooster, 1989.
McNicholl, Anthony W., J. B. Hennessy and Robert H. Smith. "The 1979 Season at Pella of the Decapolis." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 240 (1980) 63-84.
McNicholl, Anthony W., et al. Pella in Jordan, vol. 2, The Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and College of Wooster Excavations at Pella, 1982-1985, Mediterranean Archaeology Supp 2. Sydney: University of Sydney, 1992.
Sheedy, Kenneth A., Robert Carson and Alan G. Walmsley, with a contribution by J. Basil Hennessy. Pella in Jordan 1979-1990: The Coins, Adapa Monograph Series 1. Sydney: Adapa, 2001.
Smith, Robert Houston. "Excavations at Pella of the Decapolis." Archaeological News 10 (1981) 49-50.
Smith, Robert H., Anthony W. McNicholl and J. B. Hennessy. "The 1980 Season at Pella of the Decapolis." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 243 (1981) 1-30.
Smith, Robert H., Anthony W. McNicholl and J. B. Hennessy. "The 1981 Season at Pella of the Decapolis." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 249 (1983) 45-78.
Secondary Literature
Bourke, S. J. "Urbanisation and State Control at Pella in Jordan." In Ancient History in a Modern University: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Macquarie University, 8-13 July 1993 To Mark the Twenty-five Years of the Teaching of Ancient History at Macquarrie University and the Retirement from the Chair of Professor Edwin Judge, vol. 1, The Ancient Near East, Greece, and Rome (ed. Tom W. Hillard, R. A. Kearsley, C. E. V. Nixon and A. M. Nobbs; North Ryde, N.S.W./Grand Rapids, Michigan: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University/William B. Eerdmans, 1998) 1.103-110.
Smith, Robert Houston. "Some Pre-Christian Religions at Pella of the Decapolis." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 197-214.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Lüdemann, Gerd. "The Successors of Pre-70 Jerusalem Christianity: A Critical Evaluation of the Pella Tradition." In Jewish and Christian Self-Definition, vol. 1, The Shaping of Christianity in the Second and Third Centuries (ed. E. P. Sanders; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980) 161-73, 245-54.
McLaren, James S. "Christians and the Jewish Revolt, 66-70 C.E." In Ancient History in a Modern University: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Macquarie University, 8-13 July 1993 To Mark the Twenty-five Years of the Teaching of Ancient History at Macquarrie University and the Retirement from the Chair of Professor Edwin Judge, vol. 2, Early Christianity, Late Antiquity and Beyond (ed. Tom W. Hillard, R. A. Kearsley, C. E. V. Nixon and A. M. Nobbs; North Ryde, N.S.W./Grand Rapids, Michigan: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University/William B. Eerdmans, 1998) 2.53-60.
Verheyden, Jozef. "The Flight of the Christians to Pella." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 66:4 (1990) 368-84.
Philadelphia
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Koutsoukou, Anthi. The Great Temple of Amman: The Excavations, Occasional Papers / American Center of Oriental Research 3. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research, 1997.
Northedge, Alastair. Studies on Roman and Islamic 'Amman: The Excavations of Mrs. C.-M. Bennett and Other Investigations, vol. 1, History, Site and Architecture, British Academy Monographs in Archaeology 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Secondary Literature
Kanellopoulos, Chrysanthos. The Great Temple of Amman: The Architecture, Occasional Papers/American Center of Oriental Research 2. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research, 1994.
White, Donald. "The Eschatological Connection between Lead and Ropes as Reflected in a Roman Imperial Period Coffin in Philadelphia." Israel Exploration Journal 49:1-2 (1999) 66-91.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
Scythopolis
Archaeological Evidence
Excavation Websites
Excavation Reports
Applebaum, Shimon. "The Roman Theatre of Scythopolis: The Excavations of 1960–1961." Scripta classica Israelica 4 (1978) 77-105.
Avshalom-Gorni, Dina. "Bet She’an." In Excavations and Surveys in Israel, vol. 16 (ed. Ayala Sussmann, Dafnah Strauss and Rachel Kudish; Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 1997) 70-72.
Secondary Literature
Asher, Ovadiah and Yehudit Turnheim. "Peopled" Scrolls in Roman Architectural Decoration in Israel: The Roman Theater at Beth Shean/Scythopolis, Supplementi alla RdA 12. Rome: G. Bretschneider, 1994.
Di Segni, Leah. "A Dated Inscription from Beth Shean and the Cult of Dionysos Ktistes in Roman Scythopolis." Scripta classica Israelica 16 (1997) 139-61.
Di Segni, Leah, Gideon Foerster and Yoram Tsafrir. "The Basilica and an Altar to Dionysos at Nysa-Scythopolis." In The Roman and Byzantine Near East: Some Recent Archaeological Research (ed. John H. Humphrey; JRASup 31; Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1999) 2.59-75.
Foerster, Gideon. "A Statue of Dionysos from Bet Shean (Nysa-Scythopolis)." In Άγαθός δαίμων: Mythes et Cultes: Études d'iconographie en l'honneur de Lilly Kahil (ed. Pascale Linant de Bellefonds et al.; Bulletin de correspondance hellénique Sup 38; Athens: École française d'Athènes, 2000) 135-41.
Foerster, Gideon and Yoram Tsafrir. "Nysa-Scythopolis in the Roman Period: A Greek City of Coele Syria. Evidence from the Excavations at Bet-Shean." ARAM Periodical 4:1-2 (1992) 117-38.
Fuks, G. "The Jews of Hellenistic and Roman Scythopolis." In Essays in Honour of Yigael Yadin (ed. Geza Vermes and Jacob Neusner; Totowa, New Jersey: Allanheld, Osmun for the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Studies, 1983) 407-416.
Gabriel, Mazor and Arian Jajjar. Bet She'an I Nysa-scythopolis: The Caesareum and the Odeum, IAA Reports. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2008.
Isaac, B and I. Roll. Roman Roads in Judaea, I: The Legio-Scythopolis Road, BAR International Series 141. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1982.
Last, Rosa and Alla Stein. "Ala Antiana in Scythopolis: A New Inscription from Beth-Shean." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 81 (1990) 224-8.
Nieto Ibáñez, Jesús-María. "The Sacred Grove of Scythopolis (Flavius Josephus, Jewish War II 466–471)." Israel Exploration Journal 49:3-4 (1999) 260-68.
Ovadiah, Asher and Carla Gomez De Silva. "Some Notes on the Roman Theatre of Beth-Shean (Scythopolis)." Scripta classica Israelica 6 (1981–1982) 85-97.
Raynor, J. T. Social and Cultural Relationships in Scythopolis/Beth Shean in the Roman and Byzantine Periods. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1982.
Turnheim, Yehudit and Asher Ovadiah. "Dionysos in Beth Shean." In Arculiana: Ioanni Bögli, anno sexagesimo quinto feliciter peracto (ed. Franz E. Koenig and Serge Rebetez; Avenches: L.A.O.T.T., 1995) 569-82.
Literary Evidence
Primary Texts
Connections of Material to Jesus: Secondary Literature
