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Artemis and the Virgin Mary in 4th-century Ephesus
Ephesus, Turkey
 
Ephesus

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Most of the articles listed below are in the Dig Sites folder on Camino : Files; many of the books are on hard copy reserve at the Circulation Desk in the Learning Commons.
 
Archaeological & Epigraphic Evidence
 
Antonopoulou, Theodora.  "A Quantitative Survey of the Christian-Byzantine Inscriptions of Ephesus and Thessalonica."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.169-78, 731 [Turkish abstract].
 
Aurenhammer, Maria.  "Sculptures of Gods and Heroes from Ephesos."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Harvard Theological Studies 41; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 251-280.
 
Erdemgil, Selahattin.  Ephesus.  Istanbul: Net, 1986.
 
Fant, Clyde E. and Mitchell G. Reddish.  "Ephesus."  In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004) 177-207.
 
Friesinger, Herwig, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer, eds.  Excerpts from Plates.  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, vol. 2, Tafelband (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999).
 
Jones, C. P.  "The Olympieion and the Hadrianeion at Ephesos."  The Journal of Hellenic Studies 113 (1993) 149-52.
 
Karwiese, Stefan.  "The Church of Mary and the Temple of Hadrian Olympius."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Harvard Theological Studies 41; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 311-19.
 
Kearsley, Rosalinde A.  "Bilingual Inscriptions at Ephesos: The Statue Bases from the Harbour Gymnasium."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.147-55, 730 [Turkish abstract].
 
Knibbe, Dieter.  "Via Sacra Ephesiaca: New Aspects of the Cult of Artemis Ephesia."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Harvard Theological Studies 41; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 141-55.
 
LiDonnici, Lynn R.  "The Images of Artemis Ephesia and Greco-Roman Worship: A Reconsideration."  Harvard Theological Review 85:4 (1992) 389-415.
 
Oster, Richard E., Jr.  "Ephesus as a Religious Center under the Principate, I: Paganism before Constantine."  In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung: Principat (New York: de Gruyter, 1990) 18.3.1661-1728.
 
Portefaix, Lilian.  "Ancient Ephesus: Processions as Media of Religious and Secular Propaganda."  In Problem of Ritual: Based on Papers Read at the Symposium on Religious Rites at Åbo, Finland, on the 13th-16th of August 1991 (ed. Tore Ahlbäck; Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 15; Stockholm: Almqvist & Wicksell, 1993) 195-210.
 
--------.  "The Image of Artemis Ephesia—A Symbolic Configuration Related to Her Mysteries."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.611-17, 747-8 [Turkish abstract]; vol. 2, pls. 152-153.
 
Reynolds, Joyce M.  "Ephesus in the Inscriptions of Aphrodisias and the Aphrodisians."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.133-7, 729 [Turkish abstract].
 
Rockwell, Peter.  "The Sculptor's Studio at Aphrodisias: The Working Methods and Varieties of Sculpture Produced."  In Sculptural Environment of the Roman Near East: Reflections on Culture, Ideology, and Power (ed. Yaron Z. Eliav, Elise A. Friedland and Sharon Herbert; Interdisciplinary Studies in Ancient Culture and Religion 9; Dudley, Massachusetts: Peeters, 2008) 91-115.
 
Rogers, Guy MacLean.  "The Gerousia of Arsinoeia/Ephesus and the Celebration of the Mysteries of Artemis."  The Ancient World 37 (2006) 108-114.
 
--------.  "The Mysteries of Artemis at Ephesos."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.241-50, 733-4 [Turkish abstract].
 
--------.  The Sacred Identity of Ephesos: Foundation Myths of a Roman City.  New York: Routledge, 1991.
 
Roueché, Charlotte M.  "Looking for Late Antique Ceremonial: Ephesos and Aphrodisias."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.161-8, 730 [Turkish abstract]; vol. 2, pls. 5-6, 25-26.
 
Scherrer, Peter.  "The City of Ephesos from the Roman Period to Late Antiquity."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Harvard Theological Studies 41; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 1-25.
 
Smith, R. R. R.  "A Late Roman Portrait and a Himation Statue from Aphrodisias."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.713-19, 751 [Turkish abstract]; vol. 2, pls. 186-187.
 
 
Literary Evidence
 
Primary Texts
 
Tanner, Norman P., trans.  "The Council of Ephesus - 431 A.D. (Documents)."   Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (2 vols.; Washington, D.C.: Georgeown University Press, 1990). Reproduced at Papal Encyclicals Online, http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Councils/ecum03.htm, accessed 21 January 2013.
 
 
Secondary Literature
 
Atanassova, Antonia.  "Did Cyril of Alexandria Invent Mariology?"  In The Origins of the Cult of the Virgin Mary (ed. Chris Maunder; New York: Burnes & Oates, a Continuum Imprint, 2008) 105-125.
 
--------.  "Theological and Cultic Components of Mariology in the Context of Ephesus."  In Studia patristica, vol. 44, Archaeologica, Arts, Iconographica; Tools; Historica; Biblica; Theologica, Philosophica, Ethica (ed. Jane Ralls Baun, Averil Cameron, M. J. Edwards and Markus Vinzent; Louvain: Peeters, 2010) 447-60.
 
Eykel, Eric M. Vanden.  "But Their Faces Were All Looking Up": Author and Reader in the Protoevangelium of James, The Reception of Jesus in the First Three Centuries 1.   New York: Bloomsbury, 2016.
 
Foskett, Mary F.  A Virgin Conceived: Mary and Classical Representations of Virginity.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.
 
Haaedt, Maajke de.  "Mary: Portrait of an Im/possible Image?"  ETStudies 8:1 (2017) 79-97.
 
Hunter, David G.  "Helvidius, Jovinian, and the Virginity of Mary in Late Fourth-Century Rome."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 1:1 (1993) 47-71.
 
King, Helen.  "Bound to Bleed: Artemis and Greek Women."  In Images of Women in Antiquity, rev. ed. (ed. Averil Cameron and Amélie Kuhrt; Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993; original 1983) 109-127.
 
Limberis, Vasiliki.  "The Council of Ephesos: The Demise of the See of Ephesos and the Rise of the Cult of the Theotokos."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Harvard Theological Studies 41; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 321-40.
 
--------.  "The Politics of Location: The Choice of Ephesos for the Third Ecumenical Council."  In 100 Jahre österreichische Forschungen in Ephesos: Akten des Symposions Wien 1995, 3 vols. (ed. Herwig Friesinger, Fritz Krinzinger, Barbara Brandt and Karl R. Krierer; Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften 260/Archäologische Forschungen 1; Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1999) 1.335-9, 737 [Turkish abstract].
 
McGuckin, John.  "The Early Cult of Mary and Inter-religious Contexts in the Fifth-century Church."  In The Origins of the Cult of the Virgin Mary (ed. Chris Maunder; New York: Burnes & Oates, a Continuum Imprint, 2008) 1-22.
 
Price, Richard M.  "The Theotokos and the Council of Ephesus."  In The Origins of the Cult of the Virgin Mary (ed. Chris Maunder; New York: Burnes & Oates, a Continuum Imprint, 2008) 89-103.
 
Robbins, Vernon K. and Jonathan M. Potter, eds.  Jesus and Mary Reimagined in Early Christian Literature, Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplement 6.  Atlanta: Scholars Press, 2015.
 
Shoemaker, Stephen J.  "The Cult of the Virgin in the Fourth Century: A Fresh Look at Some Old and New Sources."  In Origins of the Cult of the Virgin Mary (ed. Chris Maunder; New York: Burnes & Oates, a Continuum Imprint, 2008) 71-87.
 
Smith, James O.  "The High Priests of the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus."  In Cybele, Attis and Related Cults: Essays in Memory of M. J. Vermaseren (ed. Eugene N. Lane; Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 131; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996) 323-35.
 
Sweeney, James P.  "Modern and Ancient Controversies over the Virgin Birth of Jesus."  Bibliotheca Sacra 160 (2003) 142-58.
 
Strelan, Rick.  Paul, Artemis and the Jews in Ephesus, Beiheft zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 80.  Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.  [focus on Artemis, not Paul]
 
Thomas, Christine M.  "At Home in the City of Artemis: Religion in Ephesos in the Literary Imagination of the Roman Period."  In Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Its Archaeology, Religion, and Culture (ed. Helmut Koester; Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995) 81-117.
 
Undheim, Sissel.  Borderline Virginities: Sacred and Secular Virgins in Late Antiquity.  New York: Routledge, 2018.
 
Readings for a Contemporary Topic
 
Fabbrini, Marco.  "The Madonna's Body: The Social Construction of a Neutralized Body."  Critical Research on Religion 5:1 (2017) 62-78.
 
Fedder, Julia A.  "O Virgin of Virgins, Our Mother: A Feminist Reconstruction of Mary's Perpetual Virginity as a Model for Christian Discipleship."  Journal of Interdisciplinary Feminist Thought 4:1 (2010) 1-33.
 
Grenholm, Cristina.  "Mary among Stereotypes and Dogmas: A Feminist Critique and Reinterpretation of the Patriarchal Cornerstone of Motherhood."  Journal of the European Society of Women in Theological Research 15 (2007) 15-35.
 
Haardt, Maaike de.  "Mary: Portrait of an Im/possible Image?"  ET Studies 8:1 (2017) 79-97.
 
McDonnell, Kilian.  "Feminist Mariologies: Heteronomy/Subordination and the Scandal of Christology."  Theological Studies 66:3 (2005) 527-67.
 
Propst, Lisa.  "From Vogue to the Virgin Mary: Marina Warner and Constructions of Female Agency in 1970s Feminism."  Women's Studies 45:8 (2016) 726-42.
 
Warner, Marina.  Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary  New York: Knopf, 1976.
 
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