Charlesworth, James H., ed.  The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1, Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments.  New York: Doubleday, 1983.

 

García Martínez, Florentino.  The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English, 2d ed., trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson.  Leiden/New York: E. J. Brill, 1996; Spanish original.

Becker, Joachim.  Messianic Expectation in the Old Testament, trans. David E. Green.  Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

 

Betz, Otto and Sarah A. Edwards, eds.  "Messianic Expectations in the Context of First-Century Judaism."  In Christology in Dialogue (ed. Robert F. Berkey and Sarah A. Edwards; Cleveland: Pilgrim, 1993) 31-43.

 

Chester, Andrew.  "Jewish Messianic Expectations and Mediatorial Figures and Pauline Christology."  In Paulus und das antike Judentum (ed. Ulrich Heckel and Martin Hengel; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1991) 17-89.

 

Collins, John J.  "Jesus and the Messiahs of Israel."  In Geschichte— Tradition— Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zum 70. Geburtstag, vol. 3, Frühes Christentum (ed. Hermann Lichtenberger; Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1996) 287-302.

 

--------.  The Scepter and the Star: The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature, ABRL.  New York: Doubleday, 1995.

 

Court, John M.  The Book of Revelation and the Johannine Apocalyptic Tradition, JSNTSup 190.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000.

 

Day, John, ed.  King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East: Proceedings of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar, JSOTSup 270.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

• Review

 

Ehrman, Bart D.  Jesus, Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

 

Ferch, Arthur J.  The Son of Man in Daniel 7, Andrews Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series 6.  Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1979.

 

Fishbane, Michael.  "Midrash and Messianism: Some Theologies of Suffering and Salvation."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).

 

Gager, John G.  "Messiahs and their Followers."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).

 

Glasson, T. Francis.  "The Temporary Messianic Kingdom and the Kingdom of God."  Journal of Theological Studies 41 (1990) 517-25.

 

Horsley, Richard.  "The Jesus Movement."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (ed. John J. Collins; New York: Continuum, 1998) 303-344.

 

--------.  "Popular Messianic Movements Around the Time of Jesus."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 46 (1984) 471-95.

 

Juel, Donald.  Messianic Exegesis: Christological Interpretation of the Old Testament in Early Christianity.  Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

 

Klausner, Joseph.  The Messianic Idea in Israel, from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah, 3d Hebrew edition, trans. W. F. Stinespring.  New York: Macmillan, 1955; Hebrew original.

 

Laato, Antti.  A Star is Rising: The Historical Development of hte Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations, University of South Florida International Studies in Formative Christianity and Judaism 5.  Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997.

 

Landman, Leo, ed.  Messianism in the Talmudic Era.  New York: KTAV, 1979.

 

Levey, Samson H.  The Messiah: An Aramaic Interpretation; The Messianic Exegesis of the Targum.  Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, 1974.

 

Mantel, Hugo.  "The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt."  Jewish Quarterly Review 58 (1968) 224-42, 274-96.

 

Meadors, Edward P.  "The 'Messianic' Implications of the Q Material."   Journal of Biblical Literature 118 (1999) 253-77.

 

Neusner, Jacob, William Scott Green and Ernest S. Frerichs, eds.   Judaisms and Their Messiahs at the Turn of the Christian Era.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

 

Nitzan, Bilhah.  "Eschatological Motives in Qumran Literature: The Messianic Concept."  In Eschatology in the Bible and in Jewish and Christian Tradition (ed. Henning Graf Reventlow; JSOTSup 243; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997) 132-51.

 

Oegema, Gerbern S.  The Anointed and His People: Messianic Expectations from the Maccabeees to Bar Kochba, JSPSup 27.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

 

Schafer, Peter.  "Introduction: Diversity and Interaction: Messiahs in Early Judaism."  In Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco (ed. Peter Schafer and Mark R. Cohen; Studies in the History of Religions 77; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).

 

Sharot, Stephen.  Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements.  Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

 

Slater, Thomas B.  "One Like a Son of Man in First-Century CE Judaism."  New Testament Studies 41 (1995) 183-98.

 

Stanley, D. M.  "The Theme of the Servant of Yahweh in Primitive Christian Soteriology, and Its Transposition by St. Paul."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 16 (1954) 385-425.

 

VanderKam, James.  "Messianism and Apocalypticism."  In The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 1, The Origins of Apocalypticism in Judaism and Christianity (New York: Continuum, 1998) 193-228.

 

Wise, Michael O.  The First Messiah: Investigating the Savior before Christ.  San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1999.

 

Yadin, Yigael.  Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome.  New York: Random House, 1971.

 

Zimmerli, Walther and Joachim Jeremias, rev. ed.  The Servant of God.  London: SCM, 1965.

Blalock, H. M., Jr.  "Status Inconsistency, Social Mobility, Status Integration, and Structural Effects."  American Sociological Review 32 (1967) 790-801.

 

Combes, I. A. H.  The Metaphor of Slavery in the Writings of the Early Church: From the New Testament to the Beginning of the Fifth Century, JSNTSup 156.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998.

 

Elm, Susanna.  "'Pierced by Bronze Needles': Anti-Montanist Charges of Ritual Stigmatization in Their Fourth-Century Context."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 4 (1996) 409-39.

 

Goffman, E.  Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.  Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1962.

 

Gustafson, W. Mark.  "Inscripta in Fronte: Penal Tattooing in Late Antiquity."  Classical Antiquity 16 (1 1997) 79-105.

 

Harrill, James Albert.  The Manumission of Slaves in Early Christianity, HUT 32.  T¨bingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1995.

 

Hurowitz, Avigdor.  "'His Master Shall Pierce his Ear with an Awl' (Exodus 21:6) - Marking Slaves in the Bible in Light of Akkadian Sources."  American Academy for Jewish Research (1992) 47-77.

 

Jones, C. P.  "Stigma: Tattooing and Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity."  Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987) 139-55.

 

Macmullen, Ramsey.  "Judicial Savagery in the Roman Empire."  Chiron 16 (1986) 147-66.

 

Schmucki, O.  The Stigmata of St. Francis of Assisi: A Critical Investigation in the Light of Thirteenth-Century Sources, trans. C. F. Connors, Franciscan Institute Publications: History Series 6.  New York: St. Bonaventure University, 1991.

 

Stanley, D. M.  "The Theme of the Servant of Yahweh in Primitive Christian Soteriology, and Its Transposition by St. Paul."  Catholic Biblical Quarterly 16 (1954) 385-425.

 

Vogt, Joseph.  Ancient Slavery and the Ideal of Man, trans. Thomas Wiedemann.  Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1975.

Required Resources in "Montanists and the New Prophecy" Folder, on reserve

Primary Texts

Apollonius, Eusebius, and Tertullian

 

Secondary articles and notes

Coxe, A. Cleveland.

 

Gero, Stephen.  "Montanus and Montanism according to a Medieval Syriac Source."  Journal of Theological Studies 28 (1977) 520-24.

 

Groh, Dennis E.  "Utterance and Exegesis: Biblical Interpretation in the Montanist Crisis."  In The Living Text: Essays in Honor of Ernest W. Saunders (ed. Dennis E. Groh and Robert Jewett; Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985) 73-95.

 

Klawiter, Frederick C.  "The Role of Martyrdom and Persecution in Developing the Priestly Authority of Women in Early Christianity: A Case Study of Montanism."  Church History 49 (1980) 251-61.

 

Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth.  "The Patriarchal Household of God and the Ekklesia of Women."  In In Memory of Her: A Feminist Theological Reconstruction of Christian Origins (New York: Crossroad, 1983) 285-342.

 

Trevett, Christine. "Eschatological Timetabling and the Montanist Prophet Maximilla." Studia Patristica 31 (Louvain: Peeters, 1997) 218-24.

 

Williams, D. H.  "The Origins of the Montanist Movement: A Sociological Analysis."  Religion 19 (1989) 331-51.

Other Secondary Sources

Elm, Susanna.  "'Pierced by Bronze Needles': Anti-Montanist Charges of Ritual Stigmatization in Their Fourth-Century Context."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 4 (4 1996) 409-439.

 

Frend, W. H. C.  "Montanism: A Movement of Prophecy and Regional Identity in the Early Church."  In Sects and New Religious Movements (ed. A. Dyson and E. Barker; BJRL 70.3; Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988) 25-34.

 

Heine, Ronald E., trans.  The Montanist Oracles and Testimonia, NAPSPMS 14.  Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1989.

 

Hill, Charles E. "The Marriage of Montanism and Millennialism." Studia Patristica 26 (Louvain: Peeters, 1993) 140-46.

 

Klawiter, Frederick C.  The New Prophecy in Early Christianity: The Origin, Nature and Development of Montanism, A.D. 165-220.  Ph. D. Dissertation; Chicago, 1975.

 

Kolenkow, Anitra Bingham. "Asceticism, Apocalypticism and Alternatives—Hypotheses for Spectra of Occurrences: Studies and Summaries of Three Times in Early Church History." SBLSP 23 (1984) 241-4.

 

Kreidler, Mary Jane.  "Montanism and Monasticism: Charism and Authority in the Early Church."  Studia Patristica 18 (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Cistercian, 1989) 229-34.

 

McGinn, Sheila Elizabeth.  "The 'Montanist' Oracles and Prophetic Theology."  Studia Patristica 31 (Louvain: Peeters, 1997) 128-35.

 

Poirier, John C.  "Montanist Pepuza-Jerusalem and the Dwelling Place of Wisdom."  Journal of Early Christian Studies 7 (4 1999) 491-507.

 

Tabbernee, William.  "Early Montanism and Voluntary Martyrdom."  Colloquium 17 (1985) 33-44.

 

-------.  Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism, NAPSPMS 16.  Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1997.

 

Trevett, Christine.  Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Basic Bibliography

McGinn, Bernard, trans.  Apocalyptic Spirituality: Treatises and Letters of Lactantius, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Joachim of Fiore, the Franciscan Spirituals, Savonarola, Classics of Western Spirituality.  New York: Paulist, 1979.

 

--------.   Visions of the End: Apocalyptic Traditions in the Middle Ages.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.

 

Joachim of Fiore

Bloomfield, Morton W.  "Recent Scholarship on Joachim of Fiore and His Influence."   In Prophecy and Millenarianism, 21-52.

 

Lee, Harold.  "The Anti-Lombard Figures of Joachim of Fiore: A Reinterpretation."   In Prophecy and Millenarianism, 127-42.

 

McGinn, Bernard.  "Apocalypticism and Church Reform: 1100–1500."  Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 2.

 

--------.  "Symbolism in the Thought of Joachim of Fiore."  In Prophecy and Millenarianism, 143-64.

 

Reeves, Marjorie E.  The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism.  Oxford: Clarendon, 1969.

 

See also the SCTR 132 Apocalypse Now Course Bibliography.

 

The Franciscan Spirituals

Lambert, M. D.  Franciscan Poverty: The Doctrine of the Absolute Poverty of Christ and the Apostles in the Franciscan Order, 1210–1323.   London: S. P. C. K., 1961.

 

Leff, Gordon.  "The Franciscan Concept of Man."  In Prophecy and Millenarianism, 217-37.

 

West, Delno C., Jr.  "The Education of Fra Salimbene of Parma: The Joachite Influence."  In Prophecy and Millenarianism, 191-215.

 

See also the SCTR 132 Apocalypse Now Course Bibliography.

McGinn, Bernard, trans.  "Savonarola."  In Apocalyptic Spirituality: Treatises and Letters of Lactantius, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Joachim of Fiore, the Franciscan Spirituals, Savonarola (Classics of Western Spirituality; New York: Paulist, 1979) 183-275 and related notes.

 

Weinstein, Donald.  "Millenarianism in a Civic Setting: The Savonarola Movement in Florence."  In Millennial Dreams in Action: Studies in Revolutionary Religious Movements (ed. Sylvia L. Thrupp; New York: Schocken, 1970) 187-203.

 

--------.  Savonarola and Florence: Prophecy and Patriotism in the Renaissance.  Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1970.

• Use the SCTR 132 Apocalypse Now Course Bibliography.

Milhou, Alain.  "Apocalypticism in Central and South American Colonialism."  Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 3.

 

Prosperi, Adriano.  "New Heaven and New Earth: Prophecy and Propaganda at the Time of the Discovery and Conquest of the Americas."  In Prophetic Rome in the High Renaissance Period: Essays (ed. Marjorie Reeves; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992) 279-303.

 

See also the bibliography listed for the Franciscan Spirituals above.

General

Scholem,Gershom Gerhard.  The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality.  New York: Schocken, 1971.

 

Seltzer, Robert M.  Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History.  New York: Macmillan, 1980.

 

Sharot, Stephen.  Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements.  Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

 

Simon bar Kosiba (fl. 132-135 CE)

Bar Kochba, The Son of the Star folder of primary texts

 

Klausner, Joseph.  The Messianic Idea in Israel, from Its Beginning to the Completion of the Mishnah, 3d Hebrew edition, trans. W. F. Stinespring.  New York: Macmillan, 1955; Hebrew original.

 

Landman, Leo, ed.  Messianism in the Talmudic Era.  New York: KTAV, 1979.

 

Mantel, Hugo.  "The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt."  Jewish Quarterly Review 58 (1968) 224-42, 274-96.

 

Oegema, Gerbern S.  The Anointed and His People: Messianic Expectations from the Maccabeees to Bar Kochba, JSOTSup 27.  Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

 

Yadin, Yigael.  Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome.  New York: Random House, 1971.

 

Sabbatai Sevi (1626-1676 CE)

Davies, W. D.  "From Schweitzer to Scholem: Reflections on Sabbatai Svi."  Journal of Biblical Literature 95 (1976) 529-58.

 

Festinger, Leon, Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter.  When Prophecy Fails.  New York: Harper and Row, 1965; original 1956.

 

Merrill, Eugene H.  "Sabbatai Zvi and Jewish Messianism."  Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 16 (1973) 159-65.

 

Scholem, Gershom Gerhard.  Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676, trans. R. J. Zwi Werblowsky.   Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1973.

 

Messianic Judaism Today

Agus, Jacob B.  "The Messianic Ideal and the Apocalyptic Vision."  Judaism 32 (1983) 205-214.

 

Lenowitz, Harris.  "Shukr Kuhayl II Reads the Bible."  In Sacred Text, Secular Times: The Hebrew Bible in the Modern World (ed. Leonard Jay Greenspoon and Bryan F. LeBeau; Studies in Jewish Civilization 10; Omaha, Nebraska: Creighton University Press, 2000).

• Review

 

Rausch, David A.  Messianic Judaism: Its History, Theology and Polity.  New York: Edwin Mellen, 1982.

 

Ravitzky, Aviezer.  "The Messianism of Success in Contemporary Judaism."  In Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 3, Apocalypticism in the Modern Period and the Contemporary Age (ed. Stephen J. Stein; New York: Continuum, 1998) 204-229.

 

--------.  Messianism, Zionism, and Jewish Religious Radicalism, trans. Michael Swirsky and Jonathan Chipman, Chicago Studies in the History of Judaism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996; Hebrew original, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1993.

 

Stone, John R.  "Messianic Judaism: A Redefinition of the Boundary Between Christian and Jew."  In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion (Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI, 1991) 237-52.

 

See also the SCTR 132 Apocalypse Now Course Bibliography.

Puritans in New England, 17th and 18th centuries

 

Bush, Sargent, Jr.  "The American Puritans and Millennialism."  In Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium (ed. Christopher Kleinhenz and Fannie J. LeMoine; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999) 214-17.

 

Davidson, James West.  The Logic of Millennial Thought: Eighteenth-Century New England, Yale Historical Publications, Miscellany 112. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Holstun, James.  A Rational Millennium: Puritan Utopias of Seventeenth-Century England and America.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

 

Smolinski, Reiner.  "Apocalypticism in Colonial North America."  Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 3.

 

Leaders of the American Revolution

 

Hatch, Nathan O.  The Sacred Cause of Liberty: Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New England.  New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Skinner, Andrew C.  "The Influence of the Hebrew Bible on the Founders of the American Republic."  In Sacred Text, Secular Times: The Hebrew Bible in the Modern World (ed. Leonard Jay Greenspoon and Bryan F. LeBeau; Studies in Jewish Civilization 10; Omaha, Nebraska: Creighton University Press, 2000).

• Review

Batstone, David B.  "The Transformation of the Messianic Idea in Judaism and Christianity in Light of the Holocaust: Reflections on the Writings of Elie Wiesel."  Journal of Ecumenical Studies 23 (1986) 587-600.

 

Danow, David K.  "Epiphany and Apocalypse in Holocaust Writing: Aharon Appelfeld."  Religion and Literature 29 (1997) 61-74.

 

Friedlander, Albert H.  "Humanity and Apocalypse: Confronting the Holocaust."  In Religion and the Humanizing of Man (Waterloo, Ontario: Council on the Study of Religion, 1972) 87-90.

 

Greenberg, Gershon.  "Orthodox Theological Responses to Kristallnacht: Chayyim Ozer Grodzensky (Achiezer) and Elchonon Wassermann."  Holocaust and Genocide Studies 3 (1988) 431-41.

 

Linafelt, Tod, ed.  Strange Fire: Reading the Bible after the Holocaust.  New York: New York University Press, 2000.

• Review

 

Roskies, David G.  Against the Apocalypse: Responses to Catastrophe in Modern Jewish Culture.  Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1984.

 

Rubenstein, Richard L.  "Apocalyptic Rationality and the Shoah."  In Contemporary Jewish Religious Responses to the Shoah (ed. Steven L. Jacobs; Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1993) 157-72, 207-210.

Primary Works

 

Baldwin, James.  Go Tell It on the Mountain.  New York: Dial, 1963.

 

Chesnutt, Charles.  The Marrow of Tradition.  Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969.

 

Ellison, Ralph.  Invisible Man.  New York: Vintage, 1972.

 

Jones, LeRoi (Imamu Amiri Baraka).  The System of Dante's Hell.  

 

Morrison, Toni.  Sula.  New York: Penguin, 1983.

 

Naylor, Gloria.  The Women of Brewster Place.  New York: Penguin, 1983.

 

Wright, Richard.  Native Son.  New York: HarperPerennial, 1993.

 

Secondary Literature

 

Montgomery, Maxine Lavon.  The Apocalypse in African-American Fiction.  Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996.

Basic Bibliography

Barkun, Michael.  "End-Time Paranoia: Conspiracy Thinking at the Millennium's Close."  In Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium (ed. Christopher Kleinhenz and Fannie J. LeMoine; Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999) 170-84.

 

Kaplan, Jeffrey.  Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah.  Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1997.

 

Robbins, Thomas and Susan J. Palmer, eds.  Millennium, Messiahs, and Mayhem: Contemporary Apocalyptic Movements.  New York: Routledge, 1997.

 

Wessinger, Catherine Lowman.  How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven's Gate.  New York: Chatham House, 2000.

 

--------.  Millennialism, Persecution and Violence: Historical Cases, Religion and Politics. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1999.

 

To select a specific group, use the list and bibliographies posted for SCTR 132 Apocalypse Now, and see the general bibliography posted there.

Lindsey Literature

Linsey, Hal.  Facing Millennial Midnight.  1999.

 

--------.  Planet Earth: The Final Chapter.  Western Front Publications, 1998.

 

--------.  Planet Earth Two Thousand A.D.: Will Mankind Survive?  Western Front, 1996.

 

--------.  The Final Battle.  Western Front, 1995.

 

--------.  There's a New World Coming: An Indepth Analysis of the Book of Revelation.  Harvest House Publications, 1984.

 

The Late Great Planet Earth.

 

Lindsey, Hal and Cliff Ford.  International Intelligence Briefing.  Online: http://www.iib-report.com/.

 

Secondary Literature

Festinger, Leon, Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter.  When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World.  New York: Harper and Row, 1965; original 1956.

Christian Millennialists

Beegle, Dewey M.  Prophecy and Prediction.  Ann Arbor: Pryor Pettengill, 1978.

 

Lindsey, Hal.  Israel and the Last Days.  Harvest House, 1991.

 

Ryrie, Charles C.  What You Should Know About the Rapture.   Chicago: Moody, 1981.

 

Messianic Jews in Israel

Berenbaum, Michael.  "In a World Without a Redeemer, Redeem: Messianism in Contemporary Israel."  In Contemporary Jewish Religious Responses to the Shoah (ed. Steven L. Jacobs; Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1993) 23-32, 187-8.

 

Rausch, David A.  Messianic Judaism: Its History, Theology and Polity.  New York: Edwin Mellen, 1982.

 

Ravitzky, Aviezer.  "The Messianism of Success in Contemporary Judaism."  In Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism, vol. 3, Apocalypticism in the Modern Period and the Contemporary Age (ed. Stephen J. Stein; New York: Continuum, 1998) 204-229.

 

--------.  Messianism, Zionism, and Jewish Religious Radicalism, trans. Michael Swirsky and Jonathan Chipman, Chicago Studies in the History of Judaism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996; Hebrew original, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1993.

Bible Code

Blumenthal, David R.  "The Creator and the Computer: Arranging Hebrew Letters in Sefer Yetsirah."  In History, Religion and Spiritual Democracy: Essays in Honor of Joseph L. Blau (ed. Maurice Wohlgelernter; New York: Columbia University Press, 1980) 114-29.

 

Drosnin, Michael.  The Bible Code.  New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.

 

Harrison, James.  The Pattern and the Prophecy: God's Great Code.  Isaiah, 1996.

 

Jeffrey, Grant R.  The Signature of God: Astonishing Biblical Discoveries.  Spring Arbor Distributors, 1997.

 

Rambsel, Yacov and Grant R. Jeffrey.  Yeshua: The Name of Jesus Revealed in the Old Testament.  Spring Arbor Distributors, 1997.

 

Satinover, Jeffrey.  Cracking the Bible Code.  Dresden, Texas: William Morrow, 1998.

 

Wilson, Clifford A., John Weldon, Barbara Baddeley Wilson.  Decoding the Bible Code: Can We Trust the Message? Harvest House, 1998.

 

Secondary Literature

Blumenthal, David R.  "The Creator and the Computer: Arranging Hebrew Letters in Sefer Yetsirah."  In History, Religion and Spiritual Democracy: Essays in Honor of Joseph L. Blau (ed. Maurice Wohlgelernter; New York: Columbia University Press, 1980) 114-29.

 

Bohak, Gideon.  "Greek-Hebrew Gematrias in 3 Baruch and in Revelation."   Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 7 (1990) 119-21.

 

Davis, John James.  Biblical Numerology: A Basic Study of the Use of Numbers in the Bible.  Grand Rapids: Baker, 1968.

 

Friberg, Jöran.  "Numbers and Counting."  Anchor Bible Dictionary 4.1139-46.

 

Ifrah, Georges.  From One to Zero: A Universal History of Numbers, trans. Lowell Bair.  New York: Viking, 1985; French original, Paris, 1981.

 

Lieberman, Stephen J.  "A Mesopotamian Background for the So-called Aggadic 'Measures' of Biblical Hermeneutics: Especially Gematria and Notariqon."  Hebrew Union College Annual 58 (1987) 157-225.

 

Moeller, Walter O.  "Marks, Names and Numbers: Further Observations on Solar Symbolism and Ancient Numerology."  In Hommages à Maarten J. Vermasweren, vol. 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978) 801-820.

 

Rand, Herbert.  "Numerological Structure in Biblical Literature."   Jewish Bible Quarterly 20 (1991) 50-56.

 

Sambursky, Shmuel.  "On the Origin and Significance of the Term Gematria."  Journal of Jewish Studies 29 (1978) 35-8.