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Research
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Topic Bibliographies
The following books and articles are offered to help jump-start your research
project. These are all professional-level sources, and you can
mine their notes and bibliographies for other possible sources. Click
on the scribe to the right of each topic to return to the topic description
and list of researchers.
|
Historical
|
| Who
Hid the Dead Sea Scrolls? |
 |
-
- Consensus
View: They Were Essenes
- Cross,
Frank Moore, Jr. "The Essenes, the People of the
Scrolls." In The Ancient Library of Qumran,
3d ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995; original 1958) 54-87.
-
- Minority
View: They Were Christians
- Eisenman,
Robert. "Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and
Qumran: A New Hypothesis of Qumran Origins." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians: Essays and Translations
(Rockport, Massachusetts: Element, 1996) 3-110.
-
- Minority
View: They Were Refugees from Jerusalem in 70 C.E.
- Dombrowski,
Bruno W. W. "Golb’s Hypothesis: Analysis and Conclusions." In
Mogilany 1995: Papers on the Dead Sea Scrolls Offered in Memory
of Aleksy Klawek (ed. Zdzislaw Jan Kapera; QM 15; Kraków:
Enigma, 1998) 35-54.
-
- Golb,
Norman. "Khirbet Qumran and the Manuscript Finds
of the Judaean Wilderness." In Methods of Investigation
of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran Site: Present Realities
and Future Prospects (ed. Michael O. Wise, Norman Golb, John
J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee; ANYAS 722; New York: New York
Academy of Sciences, 1994) 51-72.
-
- --------. "The
Problem of Origin and Identification of the Dead Sea Scrolls." Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society 124 (1980) 1-24.
-
- --------. "Who
Hid the Dead Sea Scrolls?" Biblical Archaeologist
48 (1985) 68-82.
-
- --------. Who
Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search for the Secret of Qumran. New
York: Scribner, 1995.
|
|
| Who
Lived at Qumran? |
|
-
- Overview
- Broshi,
Magen. "Qumran Community." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
2.733-9.
-
- Hempel,
Charlotte. "Qumran: Archaeology." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
2.746-51.
-
- Humbert,
Jean-Baptiste. "Les différentes interprétations
du site de Qumran." Monde du Bible 107
(1997) 20-25.
-
- Kapera,
Zdzislaw Jan. "Archaeological Interpretations
of the Qumran Settlement. A Rapid Review of Hypothesis Fifty Years
after the Discoveries at the Dead Sea." In Mogilany
1995: Papers on the Dead Sea Scrolls Offered in Memory of Aleksy
Klawek (ed. Zdzislaw Jan Kapera; QM 15; Kraków: Enigma,
1998) 15-33.
-
- --------. "Khirbet
Qumran: A Monastic Settlement or a Villa Rustica?" Qumran
Chronicle 6 (1996) 93-114.
-
- Magness,
Jodi. "Qumran Archaeology: Past Perspectives and
Future Prospects." In The Dead Sea Scrolls
after Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Reassessment, vol. 1 (ed.
Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998)
47-77.
-
- A
Wealthy Family
- Donceel,
Robert and Pauline H. E. Donceel-Voûte. "The
Archaeology of Khirbet Qumran." In Methods
of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran
Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (ed. Michael
O. Wise, Norman Golb, John J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee; Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences 722; New York: New York Academy
of Sciences, 1994) 1-38.
-
- Donceel-Voûte,
Pauline H. E. "Les ruines de Qumran réinterprétées." Archeologia
298 (1994) 24-35.
-
- --------. "'Coenaculum':
La salle à l’étage du locus 30 à Khirbet
Qumrân sur la Mer Morte." In Banquets
d’Orient (ed. R. Gyselen, with M. Bernus-Taylor et al.; ResO
4; Leuven: Peeters, 1992) 61-84.
-
- Magness,
Jodi. "Qumran: Not a Country Villa." Biblical
Archaeology Review 22 (1996) 38, 40-47, 72-3.
-
- --------. "A
Villa at Khirbet Qumran?" Revue de Qumrân
16 (1994) 397-419.
-
- A
Defensive Family
- Hirschfeld,
Yizhar. "Early Roman Manor Houses in Judea and
the Site of Khirbet Qumran." Journal of Near
Eastern Studies 57 (1998) 161-89.
-
- Merchants
- Crown,
Alan D. and Lena Cansdale. "Qumran-Was It an Essene
Settlement?" Biblical Archaeology Review
20 (1994) 24-35, 73-4, 76-8.
-
- Pilgrims
from the Jerusalem Temple
- Cook,
Edward M. "Qumran: A Ritual Purification Center." Biblical
Archaeology Review 22 (6 1996) 39, 48-51, 73-5.
-
- Soldiers
- Golb,
Norman. "Khirbet Qumran and the Manuscript Finds
of the Judaean Wilderness." In Methods of Investigation
of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran Site: Present Realities
and Future Prospects (ed. Michael O. Wise, Norman Golb, John
J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee; Annals of the New York Academy
of Sciences 722; New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994)
51-72.
-
- --------. Who
Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls? New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1995. See especially pp. 3-41.
-
- Soldiers,
and then the Essenes
- Humbert,
Jean-Baptiste. "L'espace sacré à
Qumrân." Revue Biblique 101-102 (1994)
161-214.
-
- Essene
Scribes (Text Production Center)
- Stegemann,
Hartmut. The Library of Qumran: On the Essenes,
John the Baptist and Jesus. Leiden/Grand Rapids,
Michigan: E. J. Brill/William B. Eerdmans, 1998; German original,
Freiburg: Herder, 1993.
-
- Sadducees
- Schiffman,
Lawrence H. Reclaiming the Dead Sea Scrolls: The
History of Judaism, the Background of Christianity, the Lost Library
of Qumran. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society,
1994.
|
|
| Was
John the Baptist an Essene? |
|
-
- Bauckham,
Richard J. "The Messianic Interpretation of Isa.
10:34 in the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 Baruch and the Preaching of John
the Baptist." Dead Sea Discoveries 2 (2
1995) 202-16.
-
- Forbes,
David. "'Yochanan HaMatbil': A Two-part Study
of the Ministry and Message of John the Baptist." Journal
of the Centre for Biblical and Hebraic Studies 1/2; 2/1 (1996-1998)
15-17.
-
- McDonald,
J. Ian H. "What Did You Go Out To See? John
the Baptist, the Scrolls and Late Second Temple Judaism." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls in Their Historical Context (ed. Timothy
H. Lim with Larry W. Hurtado, A. Graeme Auld, and Alison Jack;
Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 2000) 53-64.
-
- Puech,
Émile. "Jean-Baptiste était-il essénien?" In
Aux origines du christianisme (ed. Pierre Geoltrain; Paris:
Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, 2000) 171-6.
-
- Stegemann,
Hartmut. The Library of Qumran. On the Essenes,
Qumran, John the Baptist and Jesus. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1995.
-
- Taylor,
Joan E. The Immerser: John the Baptist within Second
Temple Judaism. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William
B. Eerdmans, 1997.
-
- Taylor,
Justin E. "John the Baptist and the Essenes." Journal
of Jewish Studies 47 (2 1996) 256-85.
-
- Werrett,
Ian. "John the Baptist and the Dead Sea Scrolls." M.A.
Thesis (Trinity Western University, 2000).
|
|
| Jesus
and the Dead Sea Scrolls |
|
-
- Consensus
View
- Charlesworth,
James H. "The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Historical
Jesus." In Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls
(ed. James H. Charlesworth; ABRL; New York: Doubleday, 1992) 1-74
-
- Stegemann,
Hartmut. The Library of Qumran. On the Essenes,
Qumran, John the Baptist and Jesus. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1995.
-
- Knoll
Hypothesis
- Knohl,
Israel. The Messiah before Jesus: The Suffering
Servant of the Dead Sea Scrolls, trans. David Maisel. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2000.
-
- Eisenman
Hypothesis
- Eisenman,
Robert H. The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians. Rockport,
Massachusetts: Element, 1996.
-
- --------. James,
the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of Early
Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York:
Viking, 1996.
-
- --------. "Maccabees,
Zadokites, Christians and Qumran: A New Hypothesis of Qumran Origins." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians: Essays and Translations
(Rockport, Massachusetts: Element, 1996) 3-110.
-
- Berger,
Klaus. The Truth under Lock and Key? Jesus and the
Dead Sea Scrolls. Louisville: Westminster John
Knox, 1995.
-
- García
Martínez, Florentino. "Review: Maccabees,
Zadokites, Christians and Qumran." Journal
for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman
Period 14 (1983) 194-9.
-
- Kampen,
John. "Review: James the Just in the Habakkuk
Pesher." Journal of the American Oriental
Society 109 (1989) 297-8.
-
- White,
Richard. "Review: James the Just in the Habakkuk
Pesher." Journal of Jewish Studies
40 (1989) 117.
-
- Thiering
Hypothesis
- Thiering,
Barbara E. "The Date and Order of Scrolls, 40
BCE to 70 CE." In The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty
Years after Their Discovery 1947-1997. Proceedings of the Jerusalem
Congress, July 20-25, 1997 (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman, Emanuel
Tov, and James C. VanderKam; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society
in cooperation with the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, 2000)
191-8.
-
- --------. The
Gospels and Qumran: A New Hypothesis, Australian and New Zealand
Studies in Theology and Religion. Sydney: Theological
Explorations, 1981.
-
- --------. "Jesus
and the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Question of Method." Journal
of Higher Criticism 3 (2 1996) 215-36.
-
- --------. Jesus
and the Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Unlocking the Secrets
of His Life Story.
-
- --------. Jesus
the Man: New Interpretation from the Dead Sea Scrolls. New
York: Doubleday, 1992.
-
- --------. "New
Radiocarbon Datings and the Christian Connection of the Dead Sea
Scrolls." Qumran Chronicle 6 (1/4 1996)
115-23.
-
- --------. "Christian
History and the Dead Sea Scrolls: More About Method." Journal
of Higher Criticism 5 (1 1998) 88-112.
-
- Betz,
Otto and Rainer Riesner. Jesus, Qumran and the Vatican. New
York: Crossroad, 1994.
-
- Paton,
D. M. "An Evaluation of the Hypothesis of Barbara
Thiering Concerning Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls." In
Mogilany 1993. Papers on the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. Z. J.
Kapera; Qumranica Mogilanesia 13. Kraków: Enigma Press, 1996)
89-108.
-
- Rodley,
G. A. and Barbara E. Thiering. "Use of Radiocarbon
Dating in Assessing Christian Connections to the Dead Sea Scrolls." Radiocarbon
41 (1999) 169-??
|
Economic
|
| Were
the People at Qumran Communists? |
|
-
- Primary
Evidence
- Cross,
Frank Moore, Jr. and Esther Eshel. "The Missing
Link: Does a New Inscription Establish a Connection between Qumran
and the Dead Sea Scrolls?" Biblical Archaeology
Review 24 (1998) 48-53, 69.
-
- Yardeni,
Ada. "Breaking the Missing Link." Biblical
Archaeology Review 24 (1998) 44-7.
-
- Secondary
Literature
- Capper,
Brian J. "The Palestinian Cultural Context of
Earliest Christian Community of Goods." In The
Book of Acts in Its Palestinian Setting (ed. Richard Bauckham;
BAFCS 4; Grand Rapids/ Carlisle, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans/Paternoster,
1995) 323-56.
-
- Flusser,
David G. "Qumran and the Famine during the Reign
of Herod." Israel Museum Journal 6 (1987)
7-16.
-
- --------. "The
Social Message from Qumran." In Judaism and
the Origins of Christianity (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew
University, 1988) 193-201. Originally published in Jewish Society
through the Ages (ed. H. H. Ben-Sasson and S. Ettinger; New
York: Schocken, 1971) 107-115.
-
- Mealand,
David L. "Community of Goods at Qumran." Theologische
Zeitschrift 31 (1975) 129-39
-
- Murphy,
Catherine M. Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and
in the Qumran Community, STDJ 40. Leiden: Brill,
2001.
-
- Neusner,
Jacob. "Qumran and Jerusalem: Two Types of Jewish
Fellowship in Ancient Times." In Contemporary
Judaic Fellowship in Theory and in Practice (ed. Jacob Neusner;
New York: KTAV, 1972) 1-11.
-
- Oakman,
Douglas E. "The Ancient Economy." In
The Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation (ed.
Richard L. Rohrbaugh; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996)
126-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev. "Judea: Economy." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.440-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev and Hanan Eshel. "Economic Life." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.228-33.
-
- Stegemann,
Hartmut. "The Qumran Essenes-Local Members of
the Main Jewish Union in Late Second Temple Times." In
The Madrid Qumran Congress: Proceedings of the International
Congress on the Dead Sea Scrolls, Madrid 18-21 March, 1991
(ed. Julio Trebolle Barrera and Luis Vegas Montaner; STDJ 11.1;
Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992) 1.83-166.
-
- Taylor,
Justin, S. M. "The Community of Goods among the
First Christians and among the Essenes." In Historical
Perspectives: From the Hasmoneans to Bar Kokhba in Light of the
Dead Sea Scrolls. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium
of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and
Associated Literature, 27-31 January, 1999 (ed. David Goodblatt,
Avital Pinnick and Daniel R. Schwartz; STDJ 37; Leiden/Boston:
Brill, 2001).
-
- Walker-Ramisch,
Sandra. "Graeco-Roman Voluntary Associations and
the Damascus Document: A Sociological Analysis." In
Voluntary Associations in the Graeco-Roman World (ed. John
S. Kloppenborg and Stephen G. Wilson; New York: Routledge, 1996)
128-45.
-
- Weinfeld,
Moshe. The Organizational Pattern and the Penal
Code of the Qumran Sect: A Comparison with Guilds and Religious
Associations of the Hellenistic-Roman Period, NTOA 2. Fribourg/Göttingen:
Universitats-verlag/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986.
|
|
| Economic
Ethics in the Scrolls |
|
-
- Applebaum,
Shimon. "Economic Life in Palestine." In
The Jewish People in the First Century, 2 vols. (ed. S.
Safrai and M. Stern with D. Flusser and W. C. van Unnik; CRINT
1.2. Assen and Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, 1976) 2.631-700.
-
- Broshi,
Magen. "The Role of the Temple in the Herodian
Economy." Journal of Jewish Studies 38
(1987) 31-7.
-
- Flusser,
David. "Qumran and the Famine during the Reign
of Herod." Israel Museum Journal 6 (1987)
7-16.
-
- --------. "The
Parable of the Unjust Steward: Jesus' Criticism of the Essenes." In
Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. James H. Charlesworth;
ABRL; New York: Doubleday, 1992) 176-97.
-
- Freyne,
Seán. "Herodian Economics in Galilee: Searching
for a Suitable Model." In Modelling Early Christianity:
Social-Scientific Studies of the New Testament in its Context
(ed. Philip F. Esler; New York: Routledge, 1995) 23-46.
-
- Kimbrough,
S. T., Jr. "The Ethic of the Qumran Community." Revue
de Qumrân 6 (1969) 483-98.
-
- Liver,
Jacob. "The Half-Shekel Offering in Biblical and
Post-Biblical Literature." Harvard Theological
Review 56 (1963) 173-98.
-
- Mandell,
Sara. "Who Paid the Temple Tax When the Jews Were
Under Roman Rule?" Harvard Theological Review77
(1984) 223-32.
-
- Murphy,
Catherine M. Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and
in the Qumran Community, STDJ 40. Leiden: Brill,
2001.
-
- Oakman,
Douglas E. "The Ancient Economy." In
The Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation (ed.
Richard L. Rohrbaugh; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996)
126-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev. The Economy of Roman Palestine. New
York: Routledge, 1994.
-
- --------. "Judea:
Economy." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls,
2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New
York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 1.440-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev and Hanan Eshel. "Economic Life." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.228-33.
-
- Stegemann,
Ekkehard W. and Wolfgang Stegemann. "Part 1: Economy
and Society of the Mediterranean World in the First Century." In
The Jesus Movement: A Social History of its First Century,
trans. O. C. Dean, Jr. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999; German original,
Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1995) 5-95.
|
|
| Restraints
on Commerce in Qumran Law |
|
-
- Baumgarten,
Joseph M. "The ‘Sons of Dawn’ in CDC 13:14-15
and the Ban on Commerce among the Essenes."
Israel Exploration Journal 33 (1983) 81-5.
-
- Flusser,
David. "The Parable of the Unjust Steward: Jesus'
Criticism of the Essenes." In Jesus and the
Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. James H. Charlesworth; ABRL; New York:
Doubleday, 1992) 176-97.
-
- Murphy,
Catherine M. Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and
in the Qumran Community, STDJ 40. Leiden: Brill,
2001.
-
- Oakman,
Douglas E. "The Ancient Economy." In
The Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation (ed.
Richard L. Rohrbaugh; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996)
126-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev. "Judea: Economy." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.440-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev and Hanan Eshel. "Economic Life." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.228-33.
-
- Silver,
Morris. Prophets and Markets: The Political Economy
of Ancient Israel, Social Dimensions of Economics. Boston:
Klewer-Nijhoff, 1983.
-
- Stegemann,
Ekkehard W. and Wolfgang Stegemann. "Part 1: Economy
and Society of the Mediterranean World in the First Century." In
The Jesus Movement: A Social History of its First Century,
trans. O. C. Dean, Jr. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999; German original,
Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1995) 5-95.
|
|
| The
Coins of Qumran and the Economy of Palestine 100 BCE
- 68 CE |
|
-
- Blackburn,
Mark. "What Factors Govern the Number of Coins
Found on an Archaeological Site?" In MARG,
Medieval Archaeology Research Group: Proceedings of the First
Meeting at Isegran, Norway 1988: Coins and Archaeology (ed.
Helen Clarke and Erik Schia; BritARIS 556; Oxford: B. A. R., 1989)
15-24.
-
- Freyne,
Seán. "Herodian Economics in Galilee: Searching
for a Suitable Model." In Modelling Early Christianity:
Social-Scientific Studies of the New Testament in its Context
(ed. Philip F. Esler; New York: Routledge, 1995) 23-46.
-
- Kadman,
Leo. "Temple Dues and Currency in Ancient Palestine
in the Light of Recently Discovered Coin-Hoards." Israel
Numismatics Journal 1 (1962) 9-11.
-
- Meshorer,
Yaakov. "Numismatics." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
2.619-20.
-
- Murphy,
Catherine M. "Archaeologial Evidence of Wealth,
6.3: Numismatic Evidence." In Wealth in the
Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Qumran Community (STDJ 40; Leiden:
Brill, 2002) 305-317.
-
- Oakman,
Douglas E. "The Ancient Economy." In
The Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation (ed.
Richard L. Rohrbaugh; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996)
126-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev. The Economy of Roman Palestine. New
York: Routledge, 1994.
-
- --------. "Judea:
Economy." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls,
2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New
York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 1.440-43.
-
- Safrai,
Ze'ev and Hanan Eshel. "Economic Life." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.228-33.
-
- Sharabani,
Marcia. "Monnaies de Qumrân au Musée
Rockefeller de Jérusalem." Revue Biblique
87 (1980) 274-84.
-
- Silver,
Morris. Prophets and Markets: The Political Economy
of Ancient Israel, Social Dimensions of Economics. Boston:
Klewer-Nijhoff, 1983.
-
- Stegemann,
Ekkehard W. and Wolfgang Stegemann. "Part 1: Economy
and Society of the Mediterranean World in the First Century." In
The Jesus Movement: A Social History of its First Century,
trans. O. C. Dean, Jr. (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999; German original,
Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1995) 5-95.
|
|
Sociological
|
| Fictive
Kinship in Essene Communities |
|
-
- Primary
Texts
- 1QS
6 16-23
- 4QDf
3 1-10 (par 4QDd
9 1-3)
- CD
7 4-9
- CD
13 15-17 (par 4QDa
9 iii 1-5)
- CD
14 12-19 (par 4QDa
10 i 5-13)
- 4QDe
7 i 14
- Josephus,
War 2.120-121, 134, 160-161
-
- Social
Background
- Collins,
John J. "Family Life." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.287-90.
-
- --------. "Marriage,
Divorce, and Family in Second Temple Judaism." In
Families in Ancient Israel, The Family, Religion, and Culture
(ed. Leo G. Perdue, Joseph Blenkinsopp, John J. Collins and Carol
Meyers; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997) 104-62.
-
- Fitzmyer,
Joseph A., S. J. "Marriage and Divorce." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.511-15.
-
- Hanson,
K. C. "Kinship." In The Social
Sciences and New Testament Interpretation (ed. Richard L.
Rohrbaugh; Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1996) 62-79.
-
- Malina,
Bruce J. "Kinship and Marriage." In
The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology
(Atlanta: John Knox, 1981) 94-121.
-
- Reinhartz,
Adele. "Parents and Children: A Philonic Perspective." In
The Jewish Family in Antiquity (ed. Shaye J. D. Cohen;
BJS 289; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993) 61-88.
-
- Yarbrough,
O. Larry. "Parents and Children in the Jewish
Family of Antiquity." In The Jewish Family
in Antiquity (ed. Shaye J. D. Cohen; BJS 289; Atlanta: Scholars
Press, 1993) 39-59.
|
|
| Mystery
Training, or How to Educate an Essene |
|
-
- Fraade,
Steven D. "Hagu, Book of." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.327.
-
- Harrington,
Daniel J., S. J. "Mystery." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.588-91.
-
- Newsom,
Carol. "Knowing as Doing: The Social Symbolics
of Knowledge at Qumran." Semeia 59 (1992)
139-53.
-
- Viviano,
Benedict T. "Study and Education." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
2.896-8.
|
|
Legal
|
| The
Living Law at Qumran |
|
-
- Anderson,
Gary A. "Law and Lawgiving." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.475-7.
-
- Baumgarten,
Joseph M. "The Duodecimal Courts of Qumran, Revelation
and the Sanhedrin." Journal of Biblical Literature
95 (1976) 59-78.
-
- --------. "The
Heavenly Tribunal and the Personification of Sedeq in Jewish Apocalyptic." Aufstieg
und Niedergang der römischen Welt 19 (1979) 219-39.
-
- Charlesworth,
James H. "Community Organization in the Rule of
the Community." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea
Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam;
New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 1.133-6.
-
- Kampen,
John I. "Ethics." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.272-6.
-
- Knibb,
Michael A. "Community Organization in the Damascus
Document." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls,
2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New
York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 1.136-8.
-
- --------. "Community
Organization in Other Texts." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.138-40.
-
- --------. "Interpreter
of the Law." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls,
2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James C. VanderKam; New
York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 1.383-4.
-
- Schiffman,
Lawrence H. The Halakhah at Qumran, SJLA 16. Leiden:
E. J. Brill, 1975.
-
- -------- Sectarian
Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Courts, Testimony, and the Penal
Code, BJS 33. Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983.
|
|
| Who
Owns the Copyright to the Dead Sea Scrolls |
|
- Orion
Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
- maintains a searchable bibliography of all articles and
books on the scrolls.
- The
Dead Sea Scrolls: Copyright and the Future of Academic Research
- This conference, co-sponsored by the University of Haifa
Faculty of Law and Washington College of Law at American University,
is to be held on Monday, March 5 from 6:00-9:00 a.m. PST (Monday
evening in Israel). The topic is the recent Israeli Supreme
Court decision upholding one scholar's copyright to his transcription
of an ancient manuscript over other people's rights to publish
it. The site includes a translation of the full text of the
Supreme Court decision. The conference will be webcast.
-
- Coughlin,
Ellen K. "Book Reopens Wounds in Battle Over Access
to Dead Sea Scrolls: Authors of Translation are Accused of Misappropriating
Others' Work." Chronicle of Higher Education
39 (6 January 1993) 9-10.
-
- Eisenman,
Robert H. "Long-secret Plates from the Unpublished
Corpus." Biblical Archaeology Review 17
(6 1991) 64-5.
|
|
Scientific
|
| Dating
Techniques Used on the Scrolls |
|
-
- Bonani,
G., et al. "Radiocarbon Dating of the Dead Sea
Scrolls." 'Atiqot 20 (1991) 27-32.
-
- --------. "Radiocarbon
Dating of Fourteen Dead Sea Scrolls." Radiocarbon
34 (1992) 843-9.
-
- Caldararo,
N. "Storage Conditions and Physical Treatments
Relating to the Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls." Radiocarbon
37 (1 1995) 21.
-
- Doudna,
Gregory L. "Carbon-14 Dating." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.120-21.
-
- --------. "Dating
the Scrolls on the Basis of Radiocarbon Analysis." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years. A Comprehensive Assessment,
2 vols. (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill,
1998) 1.430-71.
-
- --------. "Radiocarbon
Dating and the Scrolls: Report on Israel Carmi's Talk at the Jerusalem
Conference." Qumran Chronicle 7 (1-2 1997)
11-14.
-
- --------. "Redating
the Dead Sea Scrolls Found at Qumran: The Case for 63 BCE." Qumran
Chronicle 8 (1999) [pages unknown].
-
- Jull,
A. J. T., D. J. Donahue, M. Broshi, and E. Tov. "Radiocarbon
Dating of the Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert." Radiocarbon
37 (1 1995) 11-19.
-
- --------. "Radiocarbon
Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert." 'Atiqot
28 (1996) 1*-7*, 85-91.
-
- Pardee,
D. "Report and Discussion Concerning Radiocarbon
Dating of Fourteen Dead Sea Scrolls." In Methods
of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran
Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (ed. Michael
O. Wise, Norman Golb, John J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee; ANYAS
722; New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1994) 441-53.
-
- Parry,
Donald W., D. V. Arnold, D. G. Long, and S. R. Woodward. "New
Technological Advances: DNA, Databases, Imaging Radar." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years. A Comprehensive Assessment,
2 vols. (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill,
1998) 1.496-515.
-
- Van
De Water, Rick. "Reconsidering Palaeographic and
Radiocarbon Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls." Revue
de Qumrân 19 (1999-2000) 423-39.
-
- Woodward,
Steven R. "Putting the Pieces Together: DNA and
the Dead Sea Scrolls." In LDS Perspectives
on the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. Donald W. Parry and Dana M. Pike;
Provo: FARMS, 1997) 191-205.
-
- --------. "The
Use of DNA to Identify Parchment Pages." ASOR
Newsletter 46 (2 1996) 29.
-
- Woodward,
Steven R., B. C. Ballif, L. C. Wood, G. K. Bargal, and Magen Broshi. "Putting
the Pieces Together: DNA and the Dead Sea Scrolls." In
The Provo International Conference on the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Technological Innovations, New Texts, and Reformulated Issues
(ed. Donald W. Parry and Eugene Ulrich; STDJ 30. Leiden: Brill,
1999) 30-31.
-
- Woodward,
Steven R., G. Kahila, P. Smith, C. Greenblatt, J. Zias, and M.
Broshi. "Analysis of Parchment Fragments from
the Judean Desert Using DNA Techniques." In Current
Research and Technological Developments on the Dead Sea Scrolls:
Conference on the Texts from the Judean Desert. Jerusalem, 30
April 1995 (ed. Donald W. Parry and Steven D. Ricks; STDJ
20; Leiden: Brill, 1996) 215-38.
|
|
| Photography
and Ground Imaging |
|
-
- Bearman,
Gregory H. and Sheila I. Spiro. "Archaeological
Applications of Advanced Imaging Techniques. Reading Ancient Documents." Biblical
Archaeologist 59 (1 1996) 56-66.
-
- --------. "Imaging
Clarified." In The Provo International Conference
on the Dead Sea Scrolls. Technological Innovations, New Texts,
and Reformulated Issues (ed. Donald W. Parry and Eugene Ulrich;
STDJ 30. Leiden: Brill, 1999) 5-12.
-
- --------. "Imaging:
Clarifying the Issues." Dead Sea Discoveries
3 (3 1996) 321-8.
-
- Bearman,
Gregory H., Stephen J. Pfann, and Sheila I. Spiro. "Imaging
the Scrolls: Photographic and Direct Digital Acquisition." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years. A Comprehensive Assessment,
2 vols. (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill,
1998) 1.472-95.
-
- Knox,
Keith T., Robert H. Johnston and Roger L. Easton, Jr. "Imaging
the Dead Sea Scrolls." Optics and Photonics
News 8 (1997) 30-34.
-
- Parry,
Donald W., D. V. Arnold, D. G. Long, and S. R. Woodward. "New
Technological Advances: DNA, Databases, Imaging Radar." In
The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years. A Comprehensive Assessment,
2 vols. (ed. Peter W. Flint and James C. VanderKam; Leiden: Brill,
1998) 1.496-515.
-
- Zuckerman,
Bruce. "Bringing the Dead Sea Scrolls Back to
Life: A New Evaluation of Photographic and Electronic Imaging
of the Dead Sea Scrolls." Dead Sea Discoveries
3 (2 1996) 178-207.
-
- Zuckerman,
Bruce and Kenneth Zuckerman. "Photography and
Computer Imaging." Encyclopedia of the Dead
Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman and James
C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 2.669-75.
|
|
| Paleo-Anthropology:
What Skeletons Can Tell Us |
|
-
- Excavations
- Clermont-Ganneau,
C. S. "The Jerusalem Researches: Letters from
M. Clermont-Ganneau. III. Jerusalem, October 5-10, 1873)." Palestine
Exploration Fund: Quarterly Statement 5 (1874) 80-111, esp.
81, 83.
-
- Steckoll,
Solomon H. "Marginal Notes on the Qumran Excavations." Revue
de Qumrân 7 (1969) 33-40, with Table of Plates and pls.
I-III.
-
- --------. "Preliminary
Excavation Report in the Qumran Cemetery." Revue
de Qumrân 6 (1968) 323-44.
-
- Secondary
Literature
- Haas,
N. and Hillel Nathan. "Anthropological Survey
on the Human Skeletal Remains from Qumran." Revue
de Qumrân 6 (1968) 345-52.
-
- Hachlili,
Rachel. "Cemeteries." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.125-9.
-
- Kapera,
Zdzislaw Jan. "Recent Research on the Qumran Cemetery." In
Mogilany 1995: Papers on the Dead Sea Scrolls Offered in Memory
of Aleksy Klawek (ed. Zdzislaw Jan Kapera; QM 15; Kraków:
Enigma, 1998) 77-86.
-
- --------. "Recent
Research on the Qumran Cemetery." Qumran Chronicle
5 (1995) 123-32.
-
- --------. "Some
Remarks on the Qumran Cemetery." In Methods
of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran
Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (ed. Michael
O. Wise, Norman Golb, John J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee; ANYAS
722; New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1994) 97-113.
-
- Murphy,
Catherine M. "Archaeological Evidence of Wealth,
6.6: Osteological and Grave Evidence." In Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Qumran Community (STDJ 40; Leiden: Brill, 2002) 333-44.
-
- Puech,
Émile. "The Necropolises of Khirbet
Qumrân and 'Ain el-Ghuweir and the Essene Belief in Afterlife." Bulletin
of the American School of Oriental Research 312 (1998) 21-36.
-
- Röhrer-Ertl,
Olav, Ferdinand Rohrhirsch and Dietbert Hahn. "Über
die Gräberfelder von Khirbet Qumran, inbesondere die Funde
der Campagne 1956. I: Anthropologische Datenvorlage und Erstauswertung
aufgrund der Collectio Kurth." Revue de Qumrân
19 (1999) 3-46, with foldout "Katalog der Gräberfelder
von Khirbet Qumran" following. (See professor for English
translation)
-
- Smith,
P. "Skeletal Remains: Human Remains." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
2.880-82.
-
- Sheridan,
Susan G. "Scholars, Soldiers, Craftsmen, Elites?:
Analysis of French Collection of Human Remains from Qumran." Dead
Sea Discoveries 9 (2002) 199-248.
-
- Steckoll,
Solomon H., Z. Goffer, H. Nathan and N. Haas. "Red-Stained
Human Bones from Qumran." Israel Journal of
Medical Science 7 (1971) 1219-23; also published in Nature
231 (1971) 469-70.
-
- Zias,
Joseph E. "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy:
Confusion Laid to Rest?" Dead Sea Discoveries
7 (2000) 220-53.
|
| |
Literary
|
| The
Interpretation of the Bible at Qumran |
|
-
- Bernstein,
Moshe J. "Interpretation of Scriptures." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.376-83.
-
- Brooke,
George J. Exegesis at Qumran: 4QFlorilegium in its
Jewish Context, JSOTSup 29. Sheffield: JSOT, 1985.
-
- Horgan,
Maurya P. Pesharim: Qumran Interpretations of Biblical
Books, CBQMS 8. Washington, D. C.: Catholic University
of America, 1979.
-
- Lim,
Timothy H. Holy Scripture in the Qumran Commentaries
and Pauline Letters. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1997.
-
- Patte,
Daniel. Early Jewish Hermeneutic in Palestine. Missoula,
Montana: Scholars Press, 1975.
|
|
| The
Shape of the Bible at Qumran |
|
-
- Cross,
Frank Moore, Jr. "The Old Testament at Qumrân." In
The Ancient Library of Qumran, 3d ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress,
1995; original 1958) 121-42.
-
- Ulrich,
Eugene The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Origins of the
Bible, Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature.
Leiden/Grand Rapids, Michigan: E. J. Brill/William B. Eerdmans,
1999.
|
|
Theological
|
| Fate
and Free Will in the Scrolls |
|
-
- Beardslee,
William A. "The Casting of Lots at Qumran [and]
in the Book of Acts." Novum Testamentum
4 (1960) 245-52.
-
- Dewey,
Wallace D., Jr. "Free Will and Predestination:
An Overview." In Encyclopedia of Religions
(ed. Mircea Eliade; New York: Macmillan, 1987) 5.422-6.
-
- Duhaime,
Jean. "Determinism." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.194-8.
-
- Marcoulesco,
Ileana. "Free Will and Determinism." In
Encyclopedia of Religions (ed. Mircea Eliade; New York:
Macmillan, 1987) 5.419-21.
-
- Merril,
Eugene H. Qumran and Predestination. Leiden:
E. J. Brill, 1975.
-
- Newsom,
Carol. "Knowing as Doing: The Social Symbolics
of Knowledge at Qumran." Semeia 59 (1992)
139-53.
-
- Trebolle
Barrera, Julio. "The Essenes of Qumran: Between
Legalism and Apocalyptic." In The People of
the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Writings, Beliefs and Practices,
trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson (ed. Florentino García Martínez
and Julio Trebolle Barrera; Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993) 67-76.
|
|
| The
End that Came and Went: Apocalyptic Expectation in the Scrolls
|
|
-
- Primary
Texts
- Ezekiel
4:4-6; Jeremiah 25:11 (29:10); Daniel 9:1-2, 21-24 (for biblical
prophecies on which the Dead Sea Scrolls community depends)
- Damascus
Document 1.1-12; 20.13-16, 27, 33-34
- Pesher
of Habakkuk 7.1-2, 6-14
-
- Secondary
Literature
- Brooke,
George J. "Messianism in the Dead Sea Scrolls." In
King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East: Proceedings
of the Oxford Old Testament Seminar (ed. John Day; JSOTSup
270;Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998) 434-55.
-
- Collins,
John J. "The Periods of History and the Expectations
of the End." In Apocalypticism in the Dead
Sea Scrolls (LDSS; New York: Routledge, 1997) 52-70.
-
- --------. "Eschatology." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)
1.256-61.
-
Evans,
Craig A. and Peter W. Flint, eds. Eschatology, Messianism,
and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls
and Related Literature 1. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm.
B. Eerdmans, 1997.
-
- Festinger,
Leon, Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter. When
Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group
That Predicted the Destruction of the World. New
York: Harper and Row, 1965; original 1956.
-
- Schiffman,
Lawrence H. The Eschatological Community of the
Dead Sea Scrolls, SBLMS 38. Atltanta: Scholars Press, 1989.
|
|
Sensational
|
| Conspiracy
(and Other) Theories about the Scrolls |
|
-
- Vatican
Suppression of the Scrolls
- Theory
- Baigent,
Michael and Richard Leigh. The Dead Sea Scrolls
Deception. London: Corgi, 1992.
-
- Berger,
Klaus. The Truth under Lock and Key? Jesus and
the Dead Sea Scrolls. Louisville: Westminster
John Knox, 1995.
-
- Betz,
Otto and Rainer Riesner. Jesus, Qumran and the
Vatican. New York: Crossroad, 1994.
-
- Scholarly
Reaction
- Broshi,
Magen. "Review: The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception." Biblical
Archaeologist 55 (1992) 107-108.
-
- Fitzmyer,
Joseph A. "Review: The Dead Sea Scrolls
Deception." Theological Studies
53 (1992) 180-81.
-
- Trebolle
Barrera, Julio. "Grounds for a Scandal and
the Reasons for a Delay, or is it the Other Way Round?" In
The People of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Writings, Beliefs
and Practices, trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson (ed. Florentino
García Martínez and Julio Trebolle Barrera;
Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993) 24-9.
-
- Lost
Scrolls and Artifacts
- Donceel,
Robert and Pauline H. E. Donceel-Voûte. "The
Archaeology of Khirbet Qumran." In Methods
of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran
Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (ed. Michael
O. Wise, Norman Golb, John J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee;
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 722; New York:
New York Academy of Sciences, 1994) 1-38.
-
- Delayed
Publication
- Martone,
Corrado. "Publication." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. Lawrence Schiffman and James
C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000) 2.721-3.
-
- Eric
Meyers (Chairman), Norman Golb, Lawrence Schiffman and James
VanderKam. "Ethics of Publication of the Dead
Sea Scrolls: Panel Discussion." In Methods
of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran
Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects (ed. Michael
O. Wise, Norman Golb, John J. Collins, and Dennis G. Pardee;
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 722; New York:
New York Academy of Sciences, 1994) 455-95.
-
- The
Shapira Fragments
- Mansoor,
Menahem. "The Case of Shapira's Dead Sea (Deuteronomy)
Scroll of 1883." Transactions of the Wisconsin
Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 47 (1958) 183-225.
-
- McCarter,
P. Kyle. "Shapira Fragments." Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (ed. Lawrence H. Schiffman
and James C. VanderKam; New York: Oxford University Press,
2000) 2.870-71.
-
- Rabinowicz,
O. K. "The Shapira Forgery Mystery." Jewish
Quarterly Review 47 (1956-1957) 170-83.
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